Chapter 4: Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

The study of energy in the human body

A

Bioenergetics

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2
Q

The process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise

A

Exercise Metabolism

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4
Q

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

A

Substrates

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5
Q

Provide the body with a source of fuel and energy required for all daily activities including exercise, these are eventually broken down in the body as glucose a simple sugar

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel

A

Glucose

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7
Q

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carb energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by muscle cells

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

1 of the 3 main classes of food and source of energy. Serve as energy stores for the body. 2 types saturated and unstaturated

A

Fats

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9
Q

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body

A

Triglycerides

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10
Q

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have sever essential biologic compounds

A

Protein

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11
Q

When protein becomes a significant source of fuel is in starvation. During a negative energy balance (low-calorie diet), amino acids are used to assist in energy production. This is called?

A

Gluconeogenesis

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12
Q

Energy storage and
transfer unit within the
cells of the body.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q
A high-energy compound
occurring in all cells
from which adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) is
formed
A

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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14
Q

Provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.

A

ATP-PC System

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15
Q

This system can produce a significantly greater amount of energy than the ATP-PC system but is limited to 30 to 50 seconds. This is the chemical breakdown of glucose

A

Glycolysis

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16
Q

The most complex of the 3 energy systems is the process that uses substrates with the aid of oxygen. The 3 are: Aerobic glycolysis, The Krebs Cycle, The electron transport chain (ETC)

A

The Oxidative System

17
Q
The
breakdown of
triglycerides into smaller
subunits called free fatty
acids (FFAs) to convert
FFAs into acyl-CoA
molecules, which then
are available to enter the
Krebs cycle and ultimately
lead to the production of
additional ATP.
A

B-Oxidation

18
Q

These are the 3 metabolic pathways in which cells can generate ATP

A
  1. ATP-PC system
  2. glycolytic system (glycolysis)
  3. oxidative system (oxidative phosphorylation)
19
Q

The state
in which the body’s
metabolism is elevated
after exercise.

A

Excess postexercise
oxygen consumption
(EPOC)