Chapter 4: Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 1

The study of energy in the human body

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

The process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise

Answer 3

Exercise Metabolism

Question 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Answer 4

Substrates

Question 5

Provide the body with a source of fuel and energy required for all daily activities including exercise, these are eventually broken down in the body as glucose a simple sugar

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carb energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by muscle cells

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

1 of the 3 main classes of food and source of energy. Serve as energy stores for the body. 2 types saturated and unstaturated

Answer 8

Fats

Question 9

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body

Answer 9

Triglycerides

Question 10

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have sever essential biologic compounds

Answer 10

Protein

Question 11

When protein becomes a significant source of fuel is in starvation. During a negative energy balance (low-calorie diet), amino acids are used to assist in energy production. This is called?

Answer 11

Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

Energy storage and
transfer unit within the
cells of the body.

Answer 12

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

A high-energy compound
occurring in all cells
from which adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) is
formed

Answer 13

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 14

Provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.

Answer 14

ATP-PC System

Question 15

This system can produce a significantly greater amount of energy than the ATP-PC system but is limited to 30 to 50 seconds. This is the chemical breakdown of glucose

Answer 15

Glycolysis

Question 16

The most complex of the 3 energy systems is the process that uses substrates with the aid of oxygen. The 3 are: Aerobic glycolysis, The Krebs Cycle, The electron transport chain (ETC)

Answer 16

The Oxidative System

Question 17

The
breakdown of
triglycerides into smaller
subunits called free fatty
acids (FFAs) to convert
FFAs into acyl-CoA
molecules, which then
are available to enter the
Krebs cycle and ultimately
lead to the production of
additional ATP.

Answer 17

B-Oxidation

Question 18

These are the 3 metabolic pathways in which cells can generate ATP

Answer 18

1. ATP-PC system
2. glycolytic system (glycolysis)
3. oxidative system (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 19

The state
in which the body’s
metabolism is elevated
after exercise.

Answer 19

Excess postexercise
oxygen consumption
(EPOC)