Chapter 4: Entailment Flashcards

1
Q

Entailment

A

when the truth of premises absolutely guarantees the truth of the conclusion

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2
Q

Deductive validity

A

premises actually entailing conclusions

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3
Q

Deductive argument

A

premises presented as entailing conclusion

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4
Q

Deductively Valid (Suppositional Strength)

A

good suppositional strength does not amount to deductive validity

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5
Q

Deductively Valid Cases

A

For deductive validity, there can be no possible situation in which premises are true and conclusion false

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6
Q

Flipping the Argument

A

Evaluating an argument by starting with the conclusion

Assumes conclusion is false

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7
Q

Disjunction

A

Sentence is true as long as either P or Q is true (or both are)

Sentence is false when both P and Q are false

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8
Q

Counterexamples

A

Instance that proves a universal claim to be false

If a form is deductively valid, every instance is deductively valid

Finding an invalid instance is a counterexample to the universal claim

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9
Q

Reasons For Overlooking Entailment:

A
  1. using logical form as sole measure of entailment
  2. forgetting that false premises can still entail conclusion
  3. overly complex argument
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