Chapter 1 : Reasoning Flashcards
1
Q
System 1
A
- more primitive group of processes shared by non-human animals
- operate beneath our awareness, on an intuitive level
- characterized by quick reactions to sensory inputs
- help us interpret our surroundings and make “snap judgements”
2
Q
System 2
A
- slow, deliberate cognitive process
- can be controlled and are transparent to introspection
- explanations and reflections
- helps us justify, flesh out, and question our snap judgements
3
Q
Differences Between System 1 & System 2
A
direct control, transparency, effort
4
Q
Direct Control?
A
- We have no direct control over System 1 processes
- We can control, turn on and off System 2 processes
5
Q
Transparency?
A
- System 1 processes are not transparent
- System 2 processes are transparent, i.e. open to consciousness inspection
6
Q
Effort?
A
- System 1 processes require little to no effort (quick, efficient)
- System 2 processes demand effort (slow, deliberate, mentally taxing)
7
Q
Clarifications
A
- System 1 & 2 are not separate units of the mind
- they are different processes that overlap and combine
8
Q
Systems in Conflict
A
- System 2 can recognize the faults in System 1
- cognitive illusions
- evolutionary mismatch
9
Q
Cognitive Illusions
A
an involuntary error in our thinking due to System 1 which continues to seem correct, even if we consciously realize t’s not
10
Q
Evolutionary Mismatch
A
an evolved trait stops being useful due to a new environment
11
Q
Metaphor
A
- think of System 1 & 2 as an elephant and rider
- elephant: System 1
- rider: System 2
- elephant has to be guided and trained and can’t be forced to behave
12
Q
Cognitive Pitfalls
A
- common, predictable errors in human reasoning
- include mental glitches and logical fallacies
13
Q
Shortcuts
A
- System 1 offers quick but sometimes unreliable answers
- Problem can be corrected through cognitive reflection; the habit of checking (System 2) initial impressions of supplied by System 1
14
Q
Heuristic
A
a shortcut used to bypass effortful thinking
15
Q
Cognitive Reflection
A
The habit of checking initial impressions supplied by System 1, and overriding them when appropriate
