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Glossary for Science > Chapter 4 - Ecosystems > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Ecosystems

A

A community of living things and how they interact with their environment.

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1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the way organisms interact with other organisms and with their environment.

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2
Q

Biotic Factors

A

A living animal in an ecosystem.

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3
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

Non Living things in an ecosystem.

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4
Q

Habitat

A

A place where an organism lives.

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5
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that eats only meat.

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6
Q

Herbivore

A

An organism that eats only plants.

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7
Q

Consumers

A

Consumers eat produced food.

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8
Q

Producer

A

Producers produce food and nutrients for the consumers to eat.

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9
Q

Omnivore

A

Omnivore are organisms that eat meat and herbs/plants.

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10
Q

Detritivores

A

An organism that feeds on dead organic materials.

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11
Q

Decomposers

A

An organism that gets rid of organic materials.

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12
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that relies on other organisms to feed it nutrients and molecules.

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13
Q

Niche

A

Conditions the organism lives in.

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14
Q

Relationship

A

When two organisms are connected and create other organisms.

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15
Q

Predator

A

Usually a carnivore that chases and eats its prey.

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16
Q

Prey

A

When organisms are being chased by a predator.

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17
Q

Symbiosis

A

A relationship between two different organisms.

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18
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship between two organisms in which they both benefit.

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19
Q

Parasitism

A

Two organisms that one organism gets benefit but the other one is harmed.

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits without affecting the other.

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21
Q

Species

A

Are animals that have a lot of similarities and can mate with each other.

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22
Q

Population

A

All the individual organisms of one species in an area of a certain time.

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23
Q

Community

A

All of the organisms and populations in an area.

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24
Q

Food Chains

A

A diagram starting with producers and shows what organisms eat.

25
Q

Food webs

A

A number of food chains joined together.

26
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green substance that a photosynthesise plant has to photosynthesise.

27
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

A chemical reaction which includes oxygen and moving the organic matter energy (glucose) into the ATP compound.

28
Q

Autotrophs

A

An organism that can supply its own nutrients.

29
Q

Ecological Niche

A

A specific condition which and organism needs to live in.

30
Q

Nutrition

A

Something an organism can obtain or provide for itself or another organism.

31
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

When organisms from two different species fight for some thing such as food, mates, shelter e.g.

32
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

When organisms from the same species fight for something, such as food, mates, shelters, e.g.

33
Q

Host

A

The organism which the parasite feeds on.

34
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that feeds on the outside or inside of the hosts body, the organism usually benefits while harming the host.

35
Q

Food Chains

A

Diagram that starts with a producer that shows which organisms feed on what.

36
Q

Food Web

A

A number of food chains joined together.

37
Q

Trophic Levels

A

A feeding level that shows a chain of which organisms have energy of another organism, which they ate.

38
Q

Second Trophic Level

A

The second level of a food chain or web and the energy of the primary producer is absorbed by the primary consumer.

39
Q

Third Trophic Level

A

The third train level of a food web, usually the secondary consumer.

40
Q

Fourth Trophic Level

A

The fourth level of a food web.

41
Q

Primary Producer

A

Usually starts the food web by photosynthesising.

42
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

This organism eats the primary consumer. Also known s the second order consumer.

43
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

The organism that eats the secondary consumer. Also known as the third order.

44
Q

Metabolism

A

A chemical reaction that happens when an organism uses another organisms energy to repair cells and grow.

45
Q

Saprophytes

A

Organisms such as fungi that obtain nutrients from dead organic matter.

46
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Natural gases and fuel such as coal that is formed by using the remains of organisms.

47
Q

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

A

Bacteria that enables nitrogen o convert into other compounds which can go into the soil.

48
Q

Nitrifying Bacteria

A

Bacteria that changes dissolved ammonia into nitrite compounds. Or nitrites into nitrate compounds.

49
Q

Decomposer Bacteria

A

Bacteria that decomposes the organic waste of a once living organism.

50
Q

Denitrifying Bacteria

A

Bacteria in soils that change the nitrates compounds into poisonous nitrite and ammonia gases.

51
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

A natural effect when the sun gives heat to the earth and the Earth uses that heat to keep the temperature stable.

52
Q

Greenhouse Gases

A

For example Carbon Dioxide, which is one of many gases that is in the atmosphere that helps trap the heat for Earth.

53
Q

Enhanced Green House Effect

A

When the amount of gases in the air intensify from human activity and adding more green house gases into the atmosphere.

54
Q

Global Warming

A

When the Earth gets too hot and the temperature gets too hot.

55
Q

Ecological Footprint

A

The estimated amount of resources that an individual or group need that uses the productive land and water supply.

56
Q

Sustainability

A

To sustain a resource or something and can still be used overtime.

57
Q

Biodegradable

A

A substance that is easily broken down in the environment

58
Q

Renewable Resource

A

Resources that are easily replaced, such as the sunlight, air, water e.g.

59
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from a leaf or plant through stomata.

60
Q

Biological Surveys

A

A procedure that includes observing, describing and counting organisms.

61
Q

Turbidity

A

A measure of how cloudy a liquid is.

Glossary for Science (8 decks)

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