Chapter 4. Definitons. Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics.

Question 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Answer 1

Bioenergetics (p70)

Question 2

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Answer 2

Metabolism (p70)

Question 3

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Answer 3

Exercise metabolism (p70)

Question 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Answer 4

Substrates (p70)

Question 5

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which includes starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Answer 5

Carbohydrates (p71)

Question 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Answer 6

Glucose (p71)

Question 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Answer 7

Glycogen (p71)

Question 8

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Answer 8

Fat (p71)

Question 9

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Answer 9

Triglycerides (p71)

Question 10

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Answer 10

Protein (p71)

Question 11

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Answer 11

Gluconeogenisis (p71)

Question 12

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate (p72)

Question 13

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed.

Answer 13

Adenosine diphosphate (p72)

Question 14

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits call free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Answer 14

β-oxidation (p75)

Question 15

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Answer 15

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)(p79)