Chapter 3. Definitions. The Cardiorespiratory System.

Question 1

A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction.

Answer 1

Heart (p55)

Question 2

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs.

Answer 2

Mediastinum (p55)

Question 3

A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker for the heart.

Answer 3

Sinoatrial (SA) node (p56)

Question 4

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoartial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

Answer 4

Atrioventricular (AV) node (p56)

Question 5

The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles.

Answer 5

Atrium (p56)

Question 6

The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries.

Answer 6

Ventricle (p56)

Question 7

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

Answer 7

Stroke Volume (p57)

Question 8

The rate at which the heart pumps.

Answer 8

Heart rate (HR) (p58)

Question 9

Heart rate x stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart.

Answer 9

Cardiac output (dot Q)(p58)

Question 10

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products.

Answer 10

Blood (p59)

Question 11

Network of hollow tubes that circulate blood throughout the body.

Answer 11

Blood vessels (p60)

Question 12

Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.

Answer 12

Arteries (p60)

Question 13

The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues.

Answer 13

Capillaries (p60)

Question 14

Vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart.

Answer 14

Veins (p61)

Question 15

Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries.

Answer 15

Arterioles (p61)

Question 16

The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins.

Answer 16

Venules (p61)

Question 17

A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.

Answer 17

Respiratory system (p61)

Question 18

Is composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.

Answer 18

Respiratory pump (p62)

Question 19

The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.

Answer 19

Inspiration (p62)

Question 20

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.

Answer 20

Expiration (p62)

Question 21

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.

Answer 21

Diffusion (p64)

Question 22

The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.

Answer 22

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)(p66)