Chapter 4- Cognition, Consciousness, And Language Flashcards
Piagets 4 stages of cognitive development
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operational
4 stages of consciousness
- Alertness
- Sleep
- Dreaming
- Altered (hypnosis, drugs, meditation)
Brain Waves during wake and sleep
BATDR
- Beta (awake/active)
- Alpha (awake/relaxing)
- Theta (stage 1 of sleep)
- Delta (slow wave sleep)
- REM (dreaming and memory consolidation)
Dyssomnia
Refer to disorders that make it difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep, or avoid sleep.
Ex: insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea
Parasomnia
Abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep
Ex: night terrors, sleep walking/somnabulism
Mesolimbic reward pathway
Dopaminergic pathway
- Nucleus accumbens
- Ventral tegmental area
- Medial forebrain bundle which connects the two
4 drugs to increase GABA
- Alcohol
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Marijuana
3 drugs to increase dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Ecstasy (MDMA)
5 major components of language
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Semantics
- Syntax
- Pragmatics
Difference between critical period and sensitive period
Critical period for language is 2-puberty. Sensitive period is a time when the environment as a maximum effect on the development of an ability. This is typically until puberty.
Archuate fasciculus
Bundle of axons that connects Broca’s area and wernickes area
Conduction aphasia
Arcuate fasciculus is affected. Speech production and comprehension are in tact but pt can’t repeat something that has been said because connection between two regions has been lost.
Base rate fallacy
Occurs when prototypical or stereotypical factors are used for analysis rather than actual data.
Deductive (top down) reasoning
Starts from a set of general rules and draws conclusions from the information given
Inductive (bottom up) reasoning
Seeks to create a theory via generalizations from specific instances
