Chapter 4- Carbohydrates and Diabetes- Quiz 3

Question 1

What is the difference between Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes? How are they similar?

Answer 1

Type 1 Diabetes: Don’t have enough insulin
-Beta cells in pancreas destroyed
-Pancreas no longer makes insulin
-5-10% of diabetics
-Autoimmune disease
-Develops in children
-Triggered by virus
-Exposure to cows milk
Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin doesn’t work right
-Most common
-Insulin resistant
Both have an increase in blood sugar in the blood and not the cells

Question 2

What happens when blood sugar falls with normal metabolism?

Answer 2

Glucagon causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose

Question 3

Results of uncontrolled diabetes

Answer 3

Heart Attack/Stroke, Kidney Disease, Neuropathy, Amputation, Blindness, Early Nursing Home

Question 4

Warning signs of diabetes

Answer 4

Frequent urination, Excess thirst, Hunger, Fatigue, Blurry vision, Cuts/bruises heal slowly

Question 5

Chances of getting diabetes for Americans and Latino/African Americans?

Answer 5

Americans- 1 in 3
Latino/African Americans- 1 in 2

Question 6

What does insulin do?

Answer 6

Allows glucose to get into the cells
Without it, glucose will buildup in the blood

Question 7

Why does glucose need to get into the cells? What happens if it can’t get into the cells?

Answer 7

Glucose is burned for energy in the cells
-Low energy
-Too much glucose in the blood

Question 8

What is insulin resistance? Why does it happen?

Answer 8

Cells resisting insulin’s work
Happens because cells have too much fat stored in them

Question 9

Causes in insulin resistance

Answer 9

Too much saturated fat in diet
Too many calories
Obesity

Question 10

Four sources of saturated fat in the American diet

Answer 10

Cheese
Beef
Fats and Oils
Milk

Question 11

Consequences of insulin resistance - Pancreas

Answer 11

-Pancreas makes more insulin
-Extra insulin forces glucose into the cells
-Pancreas overworked
-Pancreas becomes infiltrated with fat
-Some beta cells die
-Less insulin can be made
-Blood sugar goes up

Question 12

What’s wrong with keto (high meat/protein diet) for diabetes?

Answer 12

Fat is the underlying cause for insulin resistance
Diabetes becomes worse in the long run
Does not reverse insulin resistance

Question 13

Consequences of insulin resistance- Liver

Answer 13

Liver infiltrated with fat
Liver develops fatty liver disease
Liver offloads excess fat into the blood (Levels of cholesterol and triglycerides increase)
Liver no longer gets the message that blood glucose is adequate (Liver keeps making glucose, Blood levels of glucose increase)

Question 14

Diseases caused by insulin resistance

Answer 14

Hypertension and Heart Disease
Inflammatory Disease
Cancer
Alzheimer and Parkinson’s Disease
Type 2 Diabetes

Question 15

Nutrition subscription for diabetes

Answer 15

Reduce saturated fats (Animal and Processed foods)
Reduce sugar and processed carbs
Lose extra weight
Eat a plant-based diet

Question 16

What does…
-Fasting blood sugar
-Hemoglobin A1C
measurements indicate?

Answer 16

-Blood sugar now
-Blood sugar control over the past three months

Question 17

Diabetes is focused on carbs. Why is fat emphasized?

Answer 17

Fat is the underlying factor to diabetes

Question 18

What is hypoglycemia? Symptoms? Treatments?

Answer 18

Low blood sugar (usually not serious, deadly for diabetics)
Hunger, Shakiness, Weakness
Reduce processed foods/sugars, more fiber/protein

Question 19

Research cited in class

Answer 19

• SDA meat-eaters -> 2x risk for diabetes
  -5% increase in calories from animal protein is 30% increase in diabetes
  -ADA diet compared to plant-based diet -> A1C dropped 3x as much as plant-based diet

Question 20

Other research:
Diabetes Prevention Program
DIRECT Study

Answer 20

DPP- Pre-Diabetics- Little weight loss makes a difference, Lifestyle intervention was more effective than medications
DIRECT- Diabetics- Diabetic remission is possible, Weight loss is the biggest predictor of sucess