Chapter 3- The Digestive System Flashcards
Difference between digestion and absorption
Digestion- breaking down food into units that can be absorbed.
Absorption- taking nutrients into the small intestine cells to be transported by the blood or lymph
What is mechanical digestion? Give an example
Physically breaking food into smaller pieces.
Chewing, Peristalsis, Segmentation
What is chemical digestion? Give an example
Breaking down chemical bonds.
Amylase, Proteases
Define the following:
1. Peristalsis
2. Segmentation
3. Enzyme
4. Chyme
- Wavelike contractions that move food through the digestive system
- Squeezing motion of the intestine that mixes contents
- Substance produced by the body that makes things happen
- Partly digested food mixed with digestive enzymes
What 2 things does Hydrochloric Acid (HCI) do help protein digestion in the stomach?
Activates pepsin
Denatures protein
Protects the stomach lining from powerful acid
Mucus
Bile:
Where is it made?
Where is it stored?
Where is it used?
Made in the liver
Stored in the gall bladder
Used in the small intestine
-Emulsifies the fat, which means mix the fat with water to break them down into smaller pieces
Where are nearly all nutrients absorbed from?
Small Intestine
Which macronutrients are absorbed to the blood or lymph?
Carbs and Protein = Blood
Fat = Lymph
What does the pancreas contribute to the digestion process?
Makes bicarbonate ions to raise the pH in the small intestine
Protease to digest…
Lipase to digest…
Amylase to digest…
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates
Which is strongly acidic?
A. Mouth
B. Esophagus
C. Stomach
D. Small Intestine
C. Stomach
Excess protein is changed into…
Glucose
Excess glucose (carbs) is changed into…
Glycogen and/or Fat
Excess fat is stored as…
Adipose Tissue
- What is a microbiome?
- Where is it found?
- What can damage it?
- What are symptoms of an unhealthy microbiome?
A. It is an ecosystem of microbes in your body
B. Found in the Large Intestine/Gut
C. C-Section delivery, Chronic Stress, Food Allergies, Junk Food Diet, Some Medications, Artificial Sweeteners
D. Weight Gain, Fatigue/Migraines, Food Allergies, Autoimmune Disease, Bowel Disorder, Cancer, Heart Disease, Diabetes
What is a probiotic? Give examples.
It is a supplement that contains healthy microbes.
Yogurt, Probiotic Supplements
What is a prebiotic? Give examples.
Microbe’s favorite foods.
Fiber, Flax Seeds, Walnuts, Micronutrients
Health habits that protect the microbiome.
Eat slowly, Eat high fiber foods, adequate sleep, reduce stress
Disorders that can be prevented by adequate fiber and water intake.
Gallstones
Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Diet soda fights weight loss… Why?
Diet soda consists of no calories
Difference between…
-Gluten Sensitivity
-Celiac Disease
GS- Bloated, gassy, or tired after eating gluten (No damage to villi)
CD- Severe sensitivity to gluten, Damages villi, Abdominal Pain, Intestinal Inflammation, Autoimmune Disease
Fiber:
-Food that contains the most fiber per serving
-Fiber required to avoid cancer
-Fiber an average American get
-Beans/Legumes (10-16 g)
-Official Recommendation is 21-38 grams
For Cancer Prevention it is 40-45 grams
-16 grams per day
Mechanical Digestion in…
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Intestine
Mouth- chewing, mixing saliva, swallowing
Esophagus- Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Stomach- Segmentation
Intestine- Peristalsis and Segmentation
Chemical Digestion in…
-Mouth
-Stomach
-Small Intestine
Mouth- Carbs (Salivary Amylase)
Stomach- Protein (Pepsin)
Small Intestine-
Carbs (Pancreatic Amylase)
Fat (Lipase)
Protein (Proteases)
