Chapter 3- The Digestive System

Question 1

Difference between digestion and absorption

Answer 1

Digestion- breaking down food into units that can be absorbed.
Absorption- taking nutrients into the small intestine cells to be transported by the blood or lymph

Question 2

What is mechanical digestion? Give an example

Answer 2

Physically breaking food into smaller pieces.
Chewing, Peristalsis, Segmentation

Question 3

What is chemical digestion? Give an example

Answer 3

Breaking down chemical bonds.
Amylase, Proteases

Question 4

Define the following:
1. Peristalsis
2. Segmentation
3. Enzyme
4. Chyme

Answer 4

1. Wavelike contractions that move food through the digestive system
2. Squeezing motion of the intestine that mixes contents
3. Substance produced by the body that makes things happen
4. Partly digested food mixed with digestive enzymes

Question 5

What 2 things does Hydrochloric Acid (HCI) do help protein digestion in the stomach?

Answer 5

Activates pepsin
Denatures protein

Question 6

Protects the stomach lining from powerful acid

Answer 6

Mucus

Question 7

Bile:
Where is it made?
Where is it stored?
Where is it used?

Answer 7

Made in the liver
Stored in the gall bladder
Used in the small intestine
-Emulsifies the fat, which means mix the fat with water to break them down into smaller pieces

Question 8

Where are nearly all nutrients absorbed from?

Answer 8

Small Intestine

Question 9

Which macronutrients are absorbed to the blood or lymph?

Answer 9

Carbs and Protein = Blood
Fat = Lymph

Question 10

What does the pancreas contribute to the digestion process?

Answer 10

Makes bicarbonate ions to raise the pH in the small intestine

Question 11

Protease to digest…
Lipase to digest…
Amylase to digest…

Answer 11

Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates

Question 12

Which is strongly acidic?
A. Mouth
B. Esophagus
C. Stomach
D. Small Intestine

Answer 12

C. Stomach

Question 13

Excess protein is changed into…

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

Excess glucose (carbs) is changed into…

Answer 14

Glycogen and/or Fat

Question 15

Excess fat is stored as…

Answer 15

Adipose Tissue

Question 16

1. What is a microbiome?
2. Where is it found?
3. What can damage it?
4. What are symptoms of an unhealthy microbiome?

Answer 16

A. It is an ecosystem of microbes in your body
B. Found in the Large Intestine/Gut
C. C-Section delivery, Chronic Stress, Food Allergies, Junk Food Diet, Some Medications, Artificial Sweeteners
D. Weight Gain, Fatigue/Migraines, Food Allergies, Autoimmune Disease, Bowel Disorder, Cancer, Heart Disease, Diabetes

Question 17

What is a probiotic? Give examples.

Answer 17

It is a supplement that contains healthy microbes.
Yogurt, Probiotic Supplements

Question 18

What is a prebiotic? Give examples.

Answer 18

Microbe’s favorite foods.
Fiber, Flax Seeds, Walnuts, Micronutrients

Question 19

Health habits that protect the microbiome.

Answer 19

Eat slowly, Eat high fiber foods, adequate sleep, reduce stress

Question 20

Disorders that can be prevented by adequate fiber and water intake.

Answer 20

Gallstones
Constipation
Hemorrhoids

Question 21

Diet soda fights weight loss… Why?

Answer 21

Diet soda consists of no calories

Question 22

Difference between…
-Gluten Sensitivity
-Celiac Disease

Answer 22

GS- Bloated, gassy, or tired after eating gluten (No damage to villi)
CD- Severe sensitivity to gluten, Damages villi, Abdominal Pain, Intestinal Inflammation, Autoimmune Disease

Question 23

Fiber:
-Food that contains the most fiber per serving
-Fiber required to avoid cancer
-Fiber an average American get

Answer 23

-Beans/Legumes (10-16 g)
-Official Recommendation is 21-38 grams
For Cancer Prevention it is 40-45 grams
-16 grams per day

Question 24

Mechanical Digestion in…
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Intestine

Answer 24

Mouth- chewing, mixing saliva, swallowing
Esophagus- Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Stomach- Segmentation
Intestine- Peristalsis and Segmentation

Question 25

Chemical Digestion in…
-Mouth
-Stomach
-Small Intestine

Answer 25

Mouth- Carbs (Salivary Amylase)
Stomach- Protein (Pepsin)
Small Intestine-
Carbs (Pancreatic Amylase)
Fat (Lipase)
Protein (Proteases)