Chapter 1- Food Choices

Question 1

What is the leading cause of death for Americans?

Answer 1

Dietary Risks

Question 2

Under-consumed nutrients in fruits and vegetables are…

Answer 2

Vitamin A, C, K
Magnesium
Potassium
Fiber

Question 3

Under-consumed nutrients in nuts and whole grains are…

Answer 3

Vitamin E
Fiber

Question 4

Under-consumed nutrients in milk and plant milks are…

Answer 4

Vitamin D
Calcium

Question 5

What are some over-consumed nutrients in the US?

Answer 5

Sugar, Sodium, Cholesterol, Saturated & Trans Fats, Processed and High Calorie foods

Question 6

What percent of the population suffer from overweight or obesity?

Answer 6

72%

Question 7

What percent of the population suffer from diabetes or pre-diabetes?

Answer 7

33%

Question 8

What is the difference between a vegan-diet and a plant-based diet?

Answer 8

Vegan Based: “no animal foods”
Plant-Based: “Minimally processed plant foods; avoids oil and sugar”

Question 9

What are three vegan foods that are NOT nutritious?

Answer 9

Oreos, French Fries, Potato Chips

Question 10

What is an essential nutrient?

Answer 10

A nutrient that the body cannot make in sufficient amounts and must be consumed through diet.

Question 11

What is the difference between a food and a nutrient?

Answer 11

Nutrients are chemical compounds in foods that provide fuel for energy, growth, and maintenance. It regulates body processes. Food is the entirety of what is eaten.

Question 12

What is energy?

Answer 12

The capacity to do work.

Question 13

What does kilocalorie measure?

Answer 13

Measures the energy in foods.

Question 14

What is phytochemical?

Answer 14

Compounds in plants that contribute to health or fight diseases.

Question 15

What are the three essentials and explain.

Answer 15

1. Macronutrients: Produces energy; needed in large amounts, can be measured in calories; (carbs, protein, lipids)
2. Micronutrients: Does not produce energy, needed in smaller amounts, too small to be measured in calories, (vitamins and minerals)
3. Neither macro or micro: WATER

Question 16

How many calories are in:
1 gram of carbohydrate?
1 gram of protein?
1 gram of fat?

Answer 16

1g of carbs = 4 calories
1g of protein = 4 calories
1g of fat = 9 calories

Question 17

What are the USDA’s conflict of interests (missions)?

Answer 17

Advice Americans about health
Support the meat industry

Question 18

What are Physician’s nutrition biases?

Answer 18

1. More likely to counsel on nutrition if they are vegetarian
2. More likely to diagnose obesity if they think the patient weighs more than they do.

Question 19

Name 2 powerful lobbies heavily influence lawmakers about nutrition.

Answer 19

Meat and Drug Lobby

Question 20

Why does the pharmaceutical industry care about the meat industry?

Answer 20

They give antimicrobial drugs to the meat industry.

Question 21

Explain why genetics is not a good explanation for current trends in obesity and diabetes.

Answer 21

Genes mutate over generations. Rate of public health decline is too fast to be explained by genetic mutation.

Question 22

What is epigenetics?

Answer 22

Study of modifying gene expression. You can “switch off” the gene expression through diet.