Chapter 1- Food Choices Flashcards
What is the leading cause of death for Americans?
Dietary Risks
Under-consumed nutrients in fruits and vegetables are…
Vitamin A, C, K
Magnesium
Potassium
Fiber
Under-consumed nutrients in nuts and whole grains are…
Vitamin E
Fiber
Under-consumed nutrients in milk and plant milks are…
Vitamin D
Calcium
What are some over-consumed nutrients in the US?
Sugar, Sodium, Cholesterol, Saturated & Trans Fats, Processed and High Calorie foods
What percent of the population suffer from overweight or obesity?
72%
What percent of the population suffer from diabetes or pre-diabetes?
33%
What is the difference between a vegan-diet and a plant-based diet?
Vegan Based: “no animal foods”
Plant-Based: “Minimally processed plant foods; avoids oil and sugar”
What are three vegan foods that are NOT nutritious?
Oreos, French Fries, Potato Chips
What is an essential nutrient?
A nutrient that the body cannot make in sufficient amounts and must be consumed through diet.
What is the difference between a food and a nutrient?
Nutrients are chemical compounds in foods that provide fuel for energy, growth, and maintenance. It regulates body processes. Food is the entirety of what is eaten.
What is energy?
The capacity to do work.
What does kilocalorie measure?
Measures the energy in foods.
What is phytochemical?
Compounds in plants that contribute to health or fight diseases.
What are the three essentials and explain.
- Macronutrients: Produces energy; needed in large amounts, can be measured in calories; (carbs, protein, lipids)
- Micronutrients: Does not produce energy, needed in smaller amounts, too small to be measured in calories, (vitamins and minerals)
- Neither macro or micro: WATER
How many calories are in:
1 gram of carbohydrate?
1 gram of protein?
1 gram of fat?
1g of carbs = 4 calories
1g of protein = 4 calories
1g of fat = 9 calories
What are the USDA’s conflict of interests (missions)?
Advice Americans about health
Support the meat industry
What are Physician’s nutrition biases?
- More likely to counsel on nutrition if they are vegetarian
- More likely to diagnose obesity if they think the patient weighs more than they do.
Name 2 powerful lobbies heavily influence lawmakers about nutrition.
Meat and Drug Lobby
Why does the pharmaceutical industry care about the meat industry?
They give antimicrobial drugs to the meat industry.
Explain why genetics is not a good explanation for current trends in obesity and diabetes.
Genes mutate over generations. Rate of public health decline is too fast to be explained by genetic mutation.
What is epigenetics?
Study of modifying gene expression. You can “switch off” the gene expression through diet.
