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Psych 371 Lifespan Human Development > Chapter 4 body, brain, and health > Flashcards

Chapter 4 body, brain, and health Flashcards

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1
Q

Celiac disease

A

An inherited digestive problem in which gluten triggers and immune response that leads to inflammation and damages the small intestine

Celiac disease can damage the villi of the small intestine leading to malnutrition

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2
Q

Catch up growth

A

After a period of malnutrition or illness, reflects the body struggle to get back on the growth course it is genetically programmed to follow

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3
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

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4
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain, triggers the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands by sending hormonal messages to those glands

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5
Q

Growth hormone

A

Produced by the pituitary gland, it triggers the production of specialized hormones that directly regulate growth

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6
Q

Pineal gland

A

Produces melatonin, which helps us fall asleep

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7
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Four small glands behind the thyroid that influence bone growth

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8
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Produces adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, our flight or fight hormone

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Connects the endocrine system to the nervous system

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10
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Produces thyroid hormone which controls metabolism

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11
Q

Thymus gland

A

Produces white blood cells that help fight infections

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12
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes insulin and glucagon to maintain balance of sugar in bloodstream and cells

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13
Q

Ovaries

A

Make estrogen and progesterone to regulate menstrual cycle and maintain a pregnancy

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14
Q

Testes

A

Make testosterone which is involved in sperm production

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15
Q

Androgens

A

Testosterone and other male hormones

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16
Q

Estrogen

A

The primary female hormone at puberty stimulates the production of growth hormone, and is responsible for the development of breasts, pubic hair and female sex organs for the control of menstrual cycles throughout a woman’s reproductive years

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17
Q

Progesterone

A

Called the pregnancy hormone, it orchestrates bodily changes that allow conception and then support a pregnancy

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18
Q

Neuron 

A

Contain three main parts of the dendrites which receive messages the cell body; and the axon, which sends messages across the synapse to other neurons

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19
Q

Myelination

A

Incases neurons and speeds transmission; begins prenatally, but continues for many years after birth

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20
Q

Cephalocaudal principal

A

Which means growth occurs in a head to tail direction

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21
Q

Proximodistal principle

A

When the chest and internal organs form before the arms hands and fingers during the prenatal period

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22
Q

Orthogenetic principle

A

Development proceeds from general and undifferentiated and moves towards more complex differentiation and heirarchical integration

23
Q

Biopsychosociocultural model

A

Incorporates biological and psychological factors with social and cultural factors

24
Q

Fontanelles

A

Space between the bones of an infant skull; soft cartilage like tissue which gradually ossifies

25
Q

Reflex

A

Unlearned and involuntary response to stimulus

26
Q

Reflex

A

Unlearned and involuntary response to stimulus

27
Q

6 Infantile behavioral states

A

Deep sleep, active sleep, quiet alert, active alert, drowsy, crying

28
Q

Congenital malformations

A

Defects that are present at birth either from genetic factors or prenatal events

29
Q

Brain lateralization

A

Asymmetry and specialization of functions of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

30
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Controls writing a movement of the right side of the body the left hemisphere is usually dominant in language and tasks involving symbolic reasoning

31
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Controls touch and movement of the left side of the body and is typically superior at nonverbal, visual and spatial tasks

32
Q

Puberty

A

The process of biological change that result in attaining sexual maturity and becoming capable of producing a baby

33
Q

Adolescent growth spurt

A

Triggered by an increase of the level of growth hormones circulating through the body during adolescence

34
Q

Adrenarche

A

Circulation of adrenal hormones, contributes, partly to such secondary sex characteristics as pubic and axillary hair

35
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstruation

36
Q

Semenarche

A

A boys first ejaculation

37
Q

Secular trend

A

The historical trend to earlier maturation and greater body size

38
Q

Centenarians

A

People who live to be 100 or older

39
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

MeTS - a combination of risk factors typically associated with obesity includes high blood pressure, unhealthy, cholesterol levels and diabetes

40
Q

Environmental factors contributing to the obesity epidemic

A

In active lifestyles, portion sizes, fat, content, sugar, stress, poverty

41
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The process of generating new neurons

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

A part of the brain involved in learning and memory

43
Q

Prostate gland

A

Part of the male reproductive system, which creates prostate fluid that mixes with sperm to produce semen

44
Q

Premenstrual syndrome, PMS

A

Symptoms such as bloating, moodiness, breast, tenderness, and headaches during the days just before menstruation

45
Q

Premenstrual syndrome, PMS

A

Symptoms such as bloating, moodiness, breast, tenderness, and headaches during the days just before menstruation

46
Q

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder PDD

A

Includes affective and disabling symptoms, in addition to physical symptoms associated with menstrual cycle

47
Q

Menopause

A

Culminates in the ending of menstrual cycles

48
Q

Hot flashes

A

Sudden unexpected experiences of warmth and sweating

49
Q

Hormone replacement therapy HRT

A

Taking estrogen and progestin to relieve physical symptoms of menopause

50
Q

Andropause

A

Age associated hypogonadism – characterized by slowly discrete, decreasing levels of testosterone and a variety of symptoms, including low libido, fatigue, and lack of energy, erection problems, memory, pop, problems, and loss of pubic hair

51
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Inability to achieve or sustain an erection it for intercourse

52
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

A common joint problem that results from gradual deterioration of the cartilage that cushions of bones from rubbing against one another

53
Q

Health disparity

A

Exist when there is a difference in health status or health outcomes that is associated with social, economic, and or environmental disadvantage

54
Q

Culturally competent care

A

Care that is a tuned to a patient’s diversity and the cultural factors that might affect health and healthcare

Psych 371 Lifespan Human Development (6 decks)

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