Chapter 4 - Biological processes and psychological explanation Flashcards
Genotype
Book 1 Part 2
Page 244
The collection of all of the genes within the cell of a given individual.
Note: The GENOTYPE establishes a source of information which together with the environment, determines the development and structure of an individual.
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Phenotype
Book 1 Part 2
Page 245
The physical structure and behaviour of an animal that arises from the interaction of the genotype and the environment.
Note: For example, muscles strengthen with use, and such things as joy, fear and aggression are learned by the consequences of behaviour.
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Action Potential
Book 1 Part 2
Page 248
A brief and sudden change in electrical voltage in a cell and the means by which information is transmitted by neurons
Note: If a harmful stimulus contacts the tip of a neuron, you would observe a sudden and dramatic change in the electrical activity of the neuron. This change from the resting value and the return to it is termed an ACTION POTENTIAL.
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Neurotransmitter(s)
Book 1 Part 2
Page 252
A chemical that is released from a neuron and influences a neighbouring cell.
Note: NEUROTRANSMITTERS are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse (a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell from one neuron to another ‘target’ neuron.
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Brain Lesions
Book 1 Part 2
Page 267
Damage to a region of the brain, for example in an accident or in surgery.
Note: A BRAIN LESION may involve small to large areas of the brain, and the severity of the underlying condition may range from relatively minor to life-threatening
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