Chapter 4 Atoms And The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is a nucleus?
A nucleus is the middle of the atom that is made of protons and neutrons.
What is a proton?
A particle in the nucleus of the atom and has a positive charge.
What is a neutron?
A particle that is in the nucleus with protons in an atom. Also a neutron has no charge.
What is an electron?
A particle in an atom that has a negative charge.
What is a valence electron?
Valence electrons is in the outermost shell of an atom and show the chemical properties.
What is an orbital?
Part in the atom where it is likely to find electrons.
What is the periodic law?
States that the element’s chemical and physicals properties change periodically with the atomic numbers.
What is a period?
The horizontal rows in the periodic table of elements.
What is a group?
Vertical columns in the periodic table of elements.
What is an ion?
Group of atoms that lost or gained one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge.
What is the automatic number?
Number of protons in the nucleus
What is the mass number?
Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What is an isotope?
Atom that has same number of protons as other elements that are the same type but has a different number of neutrons
What is the atomic mass effect unit?
One twelfth of the mass of a carbon atom with mass number 12 describes the mass of a molecule or atom.
What is average atomic mass?
Weighed average of the masses of naturally occurring isotopes.
What is a metal?
Shiny solids that can be stretched and shaped. Also good conductors of electricity.
What is a nonmetal?
Found on right side of periodic table and can be solids, liquids, and gases. Solid nonmetals are dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity.
What is a semiconductor?
Element/ compound that conducts electricity better than an insulator but not as well as conductors.
What is an alkali metal?
One of the elements that’s in the periodic’ table group 1. Soft shiny reacts violently with water
What is an alkaline earth metal?
Have 2 valence electrons, one of the elements of group 2 of the periodic table.
What is a transition metal?
One of the elements of group 3-12 of the periodic table.
What is a halogen?
Located in group 17
What are noble gases?
Located in the right edge of the periodic table.
What is a mole?
Collection of a very large number of particles. 6.022 x 10^23. Measures amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in 12g of carbon-12
What is Avogadro’s constant?
Defined as the number of particles, 6.022 x 10^23 in exactly 1 mol of a pure substance.
What is molar mass?
Mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance.
What is conversion factor?
Radio derived from the equality of two different units and can be used to convert from one unit to another
