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chapter 4 and 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Two types of meditation?

A

Open monitoring and focused

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1
Q

storage for excess energy?

A

Adipose tissue

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2
Q

Average stomach holds?

A

One to 1.5 L

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3
Q

basic emotions

A

Joy, sadness, fear, anger, surprised, disgust

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4
Q

right hemisphere frontal lobe

A

negative emotions

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5
Q

left hemisphere frontal lobe

A

postive emotions

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6
Q

three distinct components

A

Subjective experience, physiological response, behavioral or expressive response

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7
Q

alexithymia

A

Difficulty in distinguishing and appreciating the emotions of others

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8
Q

how many cycles in a night?

A

Five

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9
Q

Bodies own natural painkiller?

A

Endorphins

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10
Q

competence

A

Need to learn and appropriately challenging tasks

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11
Q

What triggers fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

Efficient way to strengthen sense of self efficacy

A

Mastery Experiences

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13
Q

A roughly 24 hour long cycle of fluctuations in biological and psychological responses, can be disturbed by time zones

A

circadian rhythm

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14
Q

Body response to light, suprachiasmatic sends message to pituitary gland, releasing melatonin, or withholding, melatonin (blue light)

A

Biological cues

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15
Q

Rhythm with a period longer than the period of a circadian rhythm (seasonal rhythms)- menstrual cycles, hibernation, migration

A

Infradian rhythms

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16
Q

Rhythm with a period shorter than the period of a circadian rhythm, feeding patterns, and sleep stages

A

ultradian rhythms

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17
Q

Alert, wakefulness, busy

A

Beta waves

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18
Q

Low waves equal?

A

Concentration

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19
Q

High waves equal?

A

Stress/anxiety

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20
Q

Relaxed/drowsy, awake but chill

A

Alpha waves

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21
Q

Sleep stages in order
NREM 1, NREM 2, NREM3, NREM 2, REM…

A

NREM 1, NREM 2, NREM3, NREM 2, REM…

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22
Q

one cycle of sleep lasts?

A

90 minutes

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23
Q

where does thetawaves, hypnagogic hallucinations like falling occur

A

NREM 1

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24
Q

Involuntary body spasm that jolts the person awake

A

myoclonic jerk

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25
Q

what makes us think we are falling?

A

the vestibular sense tells the brain we are falling because of the fluid moving around

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26
Q

Sleep spindles- editing days activities and the k complex encodes memories

A

NREM 2

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27
Q

Large slow, brain waves, deep sleep, Delta waves

A

NREM 3

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28
Q

sleep debt/sleep loss effect

A

It takes months to repair sleep debt, influence on mood, hormones, immune system, and visual attention

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29
Q

Why sleep?

A

Protection, recuperation, rebuild, and restore memories, creative, thinking, growth, and development

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30
Q

affect duration and quality of sleep

A

dyssomnias

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31
Q

sleep attacks during day

A

narcolepsy

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32
Q

difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep

A

insomnia

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33
Q

difficulty breathing at night, person stops breathing

A

sleep apnea

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34
Q

sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind during REM sleep

A

dreams

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35
Q

Elements of a dream that are consciously experienced in remembered

A

Manifest content

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36
Q

The unconscious wishes that are concealed in the manifest content

A

latent content

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37
Q

rapid eye movement, triggers neural activity in the visual centers, and memories are weaved in dreams, voluntary muscle activity is suppressed, last about 30 to 40 mins

A

REM

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38
Q

enhanced sense of memory

A

hypermnesia

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39
Q

Open monitoring and focused

A

Two types of meditation?

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40
Q

A need to desire that energizes in direct behavior, cortex grows thicker, an interplay between the push and pull of nature and nurture

A

Motivation

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41
Q

A complex behavior that is rigid pattern throughout his species and is unlearned, fails to explain most human motives

A

Instinct theory

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42
Q

Goal equals homeostasis, fails to explain behavior, such as competitive eating, and sex

A

Drive theory

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43
Q

Decision-making process based on reward and benefits

A

Incentive motivation

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44
Q

Human motivation is not aimed at homeostasis, but rather at optimal levels of arousal

A

arousal theory

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45
Q

Having the need for unique complex and varied sensory experiences

A

Sensation seekers

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46
Q

People are born with desire to realize they’re full potential

A

Humanistic theory

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47
Q

At the bottom or met before needs at the top, needs are not universal, not Linear

A

hierarchy of needs

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48
Q

Social rejection by other group members

A

ostracism

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49
Q

Degree to which an individuals behavior is self motivated in self-determined people are growth oriented, and seek unified sense of self

A

deci and Ryan self determination theory

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50
Q

controls blood glucose, regulates eating behavior and maintains stable body weight

A

insulin

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51
Q

Rate of energy consumption required for maintaining vital bodily functions at rest

A

basal metabolic rate

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52
Q

Adipose tissue

A

storage for excess energy?

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53
Q

Can be utilized by liver functions when more energy energy is required

A

adipose tissue

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54
Q

Stomach hormone causes, strong hunger signals

A

ghrelin

55
Q

Tells the brain we are full (satiation)

A

Stretch receptors

56
Q

hormone in small intestine that enhances stretch receptors

A

cholecystokinin

57
Q

One to 1.5 L

A

Average stomach holds?

58
Q

Time of day, location

A

Classical conditioning

59
Q

Taste of food, social activity

A

operant conditioning

60
Q

Operant and classical conditioning

A

sensory specific satiety

61
Q

Hormone secreted by adipose tissue reduces hunger, speed up metabolism

A

Leptin

62
Q

Neurotransmitter released by the hypothalamus that promotes eating

A

neuropeptide y

63
Q

Body has an optimal weight that it tries to maintain overtime

A

Set point theory

64
Q

Joy, sadness, fear, anger, surprised, disgust

A

basic emotions

65
Q

negative emotions

A

right hemisphere frontal lobe

66
Q

postive emotions

A

left hemisphere frontal lobe

67
Q

humans are capable of 7000 different facial expressions which are all innate

A

Paul Ekman

68
Q

informal norms within a social group the display of emotional responses, culture, family, gender

A

display rules

69
Q

Nonverbal signals, that can generally be translated into words

A

emblems

70
Q

Difficulty in distinguishing and appreciating the emotions of others

A

alexithymia

71
Q

To feel emotion, the individual must experience a physiological response first, once the physiological response is recognized then the person can say they feel an emotion

A

James – Lange theory

72
Q

Making the facial gestures associated with the particular emotion elicited detectable changes in physiological markers, Botox reduces emotional expressions

A

facial feedback hypothesis

73
Q

Physiological responses do not differ enough to count for the emotions(cannon), artificially induced responses, do not result in motion, adrenaline(Maranon), spinal cord injuries shouldn’t result in lack of the motion, but no difference was noted(Bermond)

A

criticisms to James-Lange theory

74
Q

The experience of motion is not dependent on, interpreting the bodies, physiological response, physiological response and the conscious experience of emotion happen at the same time

A

Cannon Bard theory

75
Q

Maintain our interpretation is key, physiological response alone would not produce an emotional response. It requires a cognitive label.

A

Schachter-Singer Theory, Two factor theory

76
Q

Attribution of arousal, giving credit to the wrong reason of heart beating fast

A

Aron and Dutton

77
Q

With a fast beating heart emotions can change to anger or get magnified, even though that’s not the reason their heart is beating fast the misattribution of arousal can cause emotions to get magnified

A

Spill over effect

78
Q

Personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations in the external environment

A

Consciousness

79
Q

Described consciousness as a stream or river

A

William James

80
Q

The capacity to selectively focus awareness on particular stimuli in your external environment or on your internal thoughts or sensations

A

attention

81
Q

We simply don’t notice some significant object, or event that is in our Clearfield of vision

A

Inattentional blindness

82
Q

Not noticing when something changes such as when a friend gets a haircut or shaves his beard

A

Change blindness

83
Q

Paying attention to two or more sources of stimuli at once

A

Multitasking

84
Q

Manufactured by the pineal gland increased blood levels of melatonin, cause sleepiness, bright light suppress the production

A

Melatonin

85
Q

bright light regulates sleep/wake cycles

A

environmental cues

86
Q

Non-rapid eye movement. Sleep is quiet, typically dreamless sleep

A

NREM

87
Q

In stage two of sleeping, large slow brain waves

A

theta waves

88
Q

Temporary condition in which person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night

A

Sleep paralysis

89
Q

Five

A

how many cycles in a night?

90
Q

vivid and frightening anxiety dream that occurs during rem sleep

A

nightmare

91
Q

sexual and aggressive instincts are the motivating forces that dictate human behavior

A

sigmund freud

92
Q

Sleep disturbance involving an episode of increased physiological, arousal, panic frightening hallucinations, and no recall of the episode

A

Sleep terrors

93
Q

Categories of sleep, disorders, characterized by undesirable, physical arousal, behaviors, or during sleep, or sleep, transitions, such as sleepwalking

A

parasomnia

94
Q

Cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist suggestions with change of perception, memory, thoughts and behavior

A

Hypnosis

95
Q

Instruction given during hypnosis, asking a person to carry a specific behavior following the hypnotic session

A

posthynoptic suggestion

96
Q

Monitoring the content of experience from moment to moment

A

Open monitoring

97
Q

A focused attention technique that involved mentally repeating a mantra given to the practitioner by a teacher

A

Transcendental meditation

98
Q

In which person has physically adapted to a drugs so that they must take it regularly in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms

A

Physical dependence

99
Q

A condition in which increasing amounts of a physically addictive drug are needed to produce the original desired effect

A

drug tolerance

100
Q

Psychoactive drugs, that depress or inhibit brain activity, produce drowsiness, sedation, or sleep

A

depressants

101
Q

The sedative effects are increased when depressants are combined

A

Additive

102
Q

Five or more drinks for a man or four or more drinks in a row for a woman

A

Binge drinking

103
Q

Category of depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and produce sleepiness, control, arousal, wakefulness, and alertness

A

Barbiturates

104
Q

Psychoactive drugs that are chemically similar to morphine and have strong pain relieving properties, heroin, fentanyl

A

opioids

105
Q

Endorphins

A

Bodies own natural painkiller?

106
Q

Category of psychoactive drugs that increase brain activity allows behavior increased mental alertness

A

Stimulants

107
Q

Is stimulate drug tea, cola drink, chocolate, and many over-the-counter medication

A

Caffeine

108
Q

Stimulant found tobacco products and smokeless tobacco

A

nicotine

109
Q

Stimulate drugs, that the central nervous system and suppress appetite, diet pills

A

Amphetamines

110
Q

Illegal stimulant, that produces intense, euphoria, mental alertness, and self-confidence blocking reuptake

A

cocaine

111
Q

Illegal stimulant that causes brain damage, and a high thats long lasting

A

Meth

112
Q

Psychoactive drugs that create sensory and perceptual, distortions, alter mood and effect thinking, mind manifesting

A

psychedelic drugs

113
Q

Psychedelic drug also known as mushrooms

A

Mescaline

114
Q

Powerful, synthetic psychedelic drug that is similarly to the neurotransmitter serotonin that’s involved in regulating moods and sensations

A

LSD

115
Q

Psychedelic drug that creates sensory distortions, mood, memory, cognition, appetite and neurogenesis

A

Marijuana

116
Q

Synthetic club drug that combines stimulant and mild psychedelic effects, causes neurons to release, serotonin and blocks re-uptake, love drug

A

Ecstasy

117
Q

drugs that reduce sensitivity to pain and produce feelings of detachment and dissociation rather than actual hallucinations

A

Dissociative anesthetics

118
Q

Insomnia, treatment involving specific guidelines to create a strict association between the bedroom and rapid sleep onset

A

Stimulus control theory

119
Q

Need or internal motivation state that activates behavior to reduce the need and restore homeostasis

A

Drive

120
Q

The full use exploitation of talents, capabilities, and potentialities

A

Self actualization

121
Q

Optimal human functioning can occur only if the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and real relatedness are satisfied

A

self-determination theory

122
Q

The need to determine control and organize our own behavior

A

Autonomy

123
Q

Need to learn and appropriately challenging tasks

A

competence

124
Q

need to feel attached to others in a sense of belonging

A

Relatedness

125
Q

The desire to engage in tasks that are inherently, satisfying, and enjoyable

A

Intrinsic motivation

126
Q

External factors or influences on behavior, such as rewards

A

Extrinsic Motivation

127
Q

Feeling a fullness and diminished desire to eat

A

satiation

128
Q

Emotions reflect involuntary adaptations to the problems of survival and reproduction

A

Charles Darwin

129
Q

The emotion dimension, reflecting the degree to which emotions involve a relationship with another person or other people

A

Interpersonal engagement

130
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

What triggers fight or flight?

131
Q

Mastery Experiences

A

Efficient way to strengthen sense of self efficacy

132
Q

Experiencing success at moderately challenging task in which you have to overcome obstacles and persevere

A

Mastery experiences

133
Q

The motivation to succeed is present, but you lack the knowledge of exactly how to achieve your goals

A

Social modeling, observational learning

134
Q

The degree to which people are convinced of their ability to the to meet the demands of a specific situation

A

self efficacy

135
Q

The theory that emotional responses are triggered by a cognitive evaluation

A

Cognitive appraisal theory

136
Q

Emotions result from appraisal of the personal meaning of events and experiences

A

Richard lazarus and Craig Smith

psychology (5 decks)

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