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abnormal psychology > Chapter 4 and 5 Quiz/Test > Flashcards

Chapter 4 and 5 Quiz/Test Flashcards

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1
Q

anxiety

A

often produces tension, worry, and psychological reactivity

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2
Q

anxiety is….

A

frequently an anticipatory emotion- a sense of dread about an event that has not yet occurred

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3
Q

fear

A

more intense emotion experienced in response to a threatening situation.

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4
Q

anxiety disorder

A

unfounded fear or anxiety that interferes with day to day functioning and produced clinically significant distress of life impairment.

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5
Q

what is important to rule out for anxiety

A

possible medical or physical causes (EX: asthma medication, too much caffeine, hyperthyroidism)

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6
Q

amygdala

A

plays a central role in triggering a state of fear or anxiety and activates 2 neural pathways

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7
Q

2 amygdala pathways

A

HPA and slow pathway

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8
Q

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)

A

when encountering possible threat, HPA triggers fight or flight response

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9
Q

after HPA is activated…..

A

slow pathway is activated which sends signals to the hippocampus and pre frontal cortex. The process evaluates danger and sends signals to stop the HPA response.

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10
Q

anxiety sensitivity

A

tendency to interpret physiological changes as sign of danger, lead to anxiety

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11
Q

what reduces anxiety

A

sense of control and mastery

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12
Q

phobia

A

strong, persistent, unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation

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13
Q

result of phobia

A

extreme panic of anxiety when phobia stimulus in encountered

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14
Q

phobia statistics

A

8.7% of the population effected
twice as common in women than in men

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15
Q

primary types of phobias

A

living creatures, environmental conditions, blood/injections or injury, and situational factors

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16
Q

social anxiety disorder or (SAD)

A

intense fear of being scrutinized or doing something embarrassing or humiliating in the presence of others

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17
Q

S.A.D (disorder chart)

A

-excessive fear of being watched or judged by others
-12 month prevalence of 7% to 8.7%
-effects mid teens

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18
Q

Specific Phobia (disorder chart)

A

-excessive fear of specific objects or situations
-12 month prevalence from 7% to 9%
-effects childhood or early adolescents

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19
Q

agoraphobia (disorder chart)

A

-anxiety or panic in situations where escape is difficult or embarassing
- 12 month prevalence up to 1.7%
-usually late adolescence with two thirds before age 35

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20
Q

panic disorder (disorder chart)

A

-recurrent and unexpected intense attacks of fear or terror
-12 month prevalence of 2.7%
-late adolescence and early adulthood

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21
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (disorder chart)

A

-excessive anxiety and worry over life circumstances (money, family, or school)
-12 month prevalence ranges from 1.2% to 2.9%
-median age of about 30 but wide range of age of onset

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22
Q

agoraphobia

A

intense fear of at least two of the following (know all six)
-being outside or home alone
-traveling via public transportation
-being in open spaces
-being in stores or theaters
- standing in line or being in a crowd
-situations are feared because escape of help may not be readily available

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23
Q

multiparty model of phobias (BPSS)

A

-biological (genetic predisposition or overactive amygdala)
-sociocultural (cultural child rearing patters and use of shame as a method of control)
-psychological (conditioning experiences and cognitive distortions)
-social (parental modeling and peer victimization)

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24
Q

Medical treatments for phobias (3)

A

benzodiazepines, SSRIs, and Beta-Blockers

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25
Q

exposure therapy

A

gradual introduction to feared situation

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26
Q

systematic desensitization

A

exposure techniques with relaxation

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27
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

identifying and changing irrational thoughts

28
Q

panic disorder

A

recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. apprehension about having another attack

29
Q

panic disorder reactions must be present for

A

one month or more

30
Q

symptoms of panic disorder

A

-shortness of breath
-dizzyness
-rapid heart rate
-trembling/shaking

31
Q

prevalence rate of panic disorder

A

2.7%

32
Q

treatments for panic disorders (4)

A

-benzodiazepines
-antidepressants
-beta-blockers
-CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

33
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

-persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive, hard to control worry over life cirucumstances.
-symptoms must be present for many days during 6 months
-often begins in childhood or adolescence

34
Q

GAD usually spends how much time worrying

A

6 hours a day

35
Q

Treatments for GAD (3)

A

-benzodiazepines
-antidepressants
-cognitive behavioral therapy

36
Q

OCD

A

consistent, anxiety-producing thoughts or imagesh

37
Q

hoarding (OCD)

A

inability to discard items regardless of their value

38
Q

body dysmorphia (OCD)

A

preoccupation with a perceived physical defect

39
Q

hair pulling disorder (OCD)

A

recurrent and frequent hair pulling despite repeated attempts to stop

40
Q

skin picking (OCD)

A

results in skin lesions

41
Q

stressors

A

external events or situations that place physical or psychological demands on a person

42
Q

stress

A

internal psychological or physiological response to a stressor

43
Q

symptoms or stress reported by adults

A

-anger
-fatigue
-feeling nervous or anxious
-headache
-depression
-muscle tension

44
Q

adjutsment disorders

A

occurs when someone has difficulty coping or adjusting to a specific stressor. The reactions to the stressor are disproportionate to the severity or intensity of the event of situation.

45
Q

DSM-5 criteria for A.D

A

exposure to an identifiable stressor that results in the onset of significant emotional or behavioral symptoms that occur within 3 months.

46
Q

symptoms for Adjustment Disorder are

A

out of proportion to the severity of the stressor and result in significant impairment in social, academic or work-related functioning

47
Q

symptoms for Adjustment disorder persist no longer than

A

6 months

48
Q

acute stress disorder

A

a condition characterized by flashbacks, hyper vigilance, and avoidance symptoms that last up to 1 month after exposure to a traumatic stressor

49
Q

PTSD

A

a condition characterized by flashbacks, hyper-vigilance, avoidance, and other symptoms that last for more than 1 month and that occur as a result of exposure to extreme trauma.

50
Q

diagnosis of ASD or PTSD requires

A

direct or indirect exposure to a traumatic event such as actual or threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence, as well as symptoms from major clusters

51
Q

intrusion symptoms (major cluster or symptoms)

A

intrusive thoughts, including distressing recollections, nightmares, or flashbacks of the trauma

52
Q

avoidance (major cluster or symptoms)

A

avoidance of thoughts, feelings, or physical reminders associated with trauma, as well as places, events, or objects that trigger memories.

53
Q

negative alterations in mood (major cluster or symptoms)

A

difficulty remembering details of the event, persistent negative views about oneself, distorted cognitions leading to self-blame

54
Q

changes in reactivity (major cluster or symptoms)

A

feelings or irritability that may result in verbal or physically aggression

55
Q

ASD diagnosis requires

A

presence of at least 9 symptoms from any cluster to be present. symptoms must persist for at least 3 days but no longer than 1 month

56
Q

PTSD diagnosis requires

A

present of at least one symptom from each cluster. symptoms must be present for at least 1 month.

57
Q

treatment for trauma (3)

A

-prolonged exposure therapy
-cognitive behavioral therapy
-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

58
Q

prolonged exposure therapy

A

involves exposure to trauma related cues

59
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

involves identifying and challenging dysfunctional cognitions

60
Q

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

A

involves visualizing traumatic experience while following a therapists fingers moving side to side and replacing negative cues with positive ones

61
Q

coronary heart disease

A

results in complete or partial blockage of the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart

62
Q

normal BP

A

systolic lower than 120
diastolic lower the 80

63
Q

hypertension BP

A

systolic above 140
diastolic at or above 90

64
Q

pre-hypertension

A

blood pressure levels are higher than normal but not meeting hypertension levels.

65
Q

migraine

A

-constriction of cranial arteries
-pressure on nearby nerves produces pain
-often accompanied by nausea and vomitingq

66
Q

tension headache

A

stress creates a prolonged contraction of scalp and neck muscles
-results in vascular constriction and steady pain

67
Q

cluster headache

A

-excruciating stabbing or burning sensations located in the eye or cheek
-pain so severe that 55% report of suicidal thoughyts
-attacks have rapid onset
-15 mins to 3 hours
-end abruptly
-headaches preceded by aura in about 20% of cases.

abnormal psychology (5 decks)

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