Ab Psych. Test (Quiz 1-3) Flashcards
clinical psychologist
-has a PhD
-testing personalities/behaviors and finding diagnosis
Clifford Beers
Moral treatment Movement
father of U.S psychiatry
Benjamin Rush (respect, dignity, and gainful employment)
Philippe Pinel
changed mental hospitals in the 18th and 19th century in a positive way
18th and 19th centuries….
shifted to more human treatment. positive changes were shown.
16th century
asylums and horrible conditions
middle ages
went back to supernaturalism and hysteria
ways to decrease social stigma
public disclosures from celebrities, encouraging friends, being respectful, and campaigns like You Are Not Alone
lifetime prevalance
existence of a disorder during someones entire life
Thomas Szasz said
society labels behavior that is different as abnormal. Unusual belif systems are not necessarily wrong, just different.
viewpoints depend on
lifestyles, cultural values, and worldviews
What ______ are used in assessing symptoms?
criteria
When are _____ and ____ significant enought to have meaning?
symptoms and behaviors
psychodiagnosis (3)
describe, assess, understand
substance abuse counselor
-requirements vary
-work in the evaluation of drug and alchohol addiciton
psychiatrist social worker
-masters
-assesment, therapy, and screening with clients
mental health counselor/marriage counselor
-masters degreee
-hours of supervised clinical experience
counseling psychologist
-similar to psychologist
-more of a focus on adjusting life problems than medical
abnormal psychology
studies the symptoms and causes of mental disorders
multicultural psychology
cultural sensitivity; patients can recover and live satisfying lives.
psychological viewpoint
mental disorders are caused by psychological and emotional factors
Dorothea Dix
campaigned for funds to establish humane mental hospital
who changed the way mental health was dealth with in the 16th century
Johann Weyer
prehistoric idea of mental illness
supernatual, evil spirits were expelled with exorcisms
discrimination
action based on prejudice
predjudice
belief in negative stereotypes
prevalance
% of people who have a disorder during a certain time
a mental disorder is characterized by (3)
a disturbance in thinking, emotion, or behavior, distress or difficulty wtih daily function, or a non-culturally expected response
human behavior is ________
complex
6 mental health professions
clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, mental health counselor, psychiatrist, psychiatrist social worker, and substance abuse counselor
4 objectives of abnormal psychology (ADEP)
analyze describe, explain, predict,
biological viewpoint
mental disorders have a physical or physiological basis. G and K observed certain systems that occured regularly were called syndromes.
hippocrates considered
brain pathology (environment and hereditary)
self-stigma
undermining self-worth
culture is
learned behavior
Is it possible to have a mental disorder without _______ or ________?
distress or discomfort
what test is used to classify mental illness
DSM-5
determine the _______
etiology or possible causes
what does a model do?
attempts to describe a phenomenon that can’t be directly observed
4 models of psychopathology
Biological
Psychological
Social
Sociocultural
what does a multi-path model say?
views disorders from a holistic frame. also says that multiple influence can contribute to a certain disorder.
forebrain function
controls all higher function
cerebral cortex function
manages attention, behavior and emotions.
limbic system function
plays a role in emotions, decision-making, and memory.
limbic system includes
the hippocampus and amygdala.
people do not _______ an abnormality, but rather a _______, resulting in a disorder
1) inherit, 2) predisposition
psychopharmacology
study of the effects of psychotropic drugs
examples of psycho-drugs
anti-anxiety (valium), anti-psychotics (chlorpromazine), anti-depressants, (fluoxetine) mood stabilizers, (lithium) ECT
4 major psychological perspectives (remember PBCH)
psychodynamic
behavioral
cognitive
Humanistic - existential
components of personality
Id
Ego
Superego
Id
pleasure principal
Ego
realistic and rational
Superego
moral considerations (conscience)
Alder and Erikson
ego has adaptability that can separate from the Id
Bowlby and Mahler
People need to be loved and emotionally supported in childhood
4 psychodynamic therapies
objective
free association
dream analysis
interpersonal psychotherapy
objective
uncover material blocked from consciousness
free association
be honest and open with therapist, lead sessions
interpersonal therapy
links childhood with relational patters
what do behavioral models do
help us learn in the development of mental disorders
classic conditioning (pavlov)
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired (dog and bell with drool)
operant conditioning (bf. skinner)
behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences (positive and negative reinforcement and punishment)
observational learning (albert bandura)
children are more likely to imitate behaviors observed
exposure therapies/SDT systemic desensitization therapy
graduated exposer, and systemic desensitization
Beck and Elis ABC theory
theory of emotional disturbance
explaining ABC theory
A is an event, B is the reaction, C is the person’s belief which causes a reaction (think job example)
what do nonreactive attention to emotions do
lesson power to emotions to reduce stress
What does Dialectical behavior theory do
reinforce positive actions and its supportive
Humanistic models
humans need positive regard
person centered therapy focuses on facilitating conditions that allow clients to full potential
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (love, self-actualization, safety, esteem)
healthy relationships are important for what
human development and function
approach to social therapies
family therapy, group therapy, couples therapy
sociocultural emphasizes what
several factors can explain mental disorder like; race, gender, sexuality, and economic status
lower socioeconomic class deals with
limited resources
poor health
high incidence of anxiety and depression.
what kinds of conditionings are there?
Remember acronym OCO. Operant, Classical, Observational,.
scientific method
form of systematic data collection, controlled observation, and testing hypotheses
hypothesis
tentative explanation for certain facts or observations- an educated guess
theory
group of principals and hypotheses that together explain some aspect of a particular area
replication
repeating results under the same or similar test conditions
how is a study “reliable”
when the result from one study is found to be consistent with another, it is more likely to represent a relabel claim to new knowledge
case studies are ______ of one individual
intensive studies
what do case studies do
-they rely on clinical data, (observations, medical and psychological tests and historical information).
-provide detailed information regarding the development of one individual
downside of case studies
lack objectivity and control
statistical analysis
determines the correlation between variables (looks at data from a group)
correlational studies are important because they
allow for the analysis of variables that cannot be controlled: age, annual income, etc.
positive correlation
is an increase in one variable accompanied by an increase in another
(example: 5 yr olds association with soft-drinks leads to increase in aggression)
negative correlation
increase in one variable accompanied by a decrease in another
the best tool for testing ___________ relationships _______________ is a prediction concerning how an independent variable will affect a dependent variable
cause and effect / experimental hypothesis
dependent
expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable
independent
manipulated to determine its effect on a dependent variable
experimental group
group that exposed to the independent variable
control group
group that’s not exposed top the independent variable
placebo effect
improvement produced by expectations of a positive treatment outcome
placebo
inactive substance
single-blind design
participants unaware of the purpose of the research
double-blind design
participants and individual working directly with the participant unaware of the experimental conditions
analog study
investigation that attempts to stimulate real-life situations under controlled conditions
field study
observing and recording behaviors in their natural environment.
What is it important Not to do in a field study
Important NOT to disturb the natural environment
operant conditioning behaviors are
voluntary and controllable
classical conditioning behaviors
are involuntary (salivating)
classical conditioning is two things paired
Neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (used for depression)
chlorpromazine
anti-psychotic (bipolar disorder, acute psychosis, etc).
