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abnormal psychology > Ab Psych. Test (Quiz 1-3) > Flashcards

Ab Psych. Test (Quiz 1-3) Flashcards

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1
Q

clinical psychologist

A

-has a PhD
-testing personalities/behaviors and finding diagnosis

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2
Q

Clifford Beers

A

Moral treatment Movement

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3
Q

father of U.S psychiatry

A

Benjamin Rush (respect, dignity, and gainful employment)

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4
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

changed mental hospitals in the 18th and 19th century in a positive way

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5
Q

18th and 19th centuries….

A

shifted to more human treatment. positive changes were shown.

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6
Q

16th century

A

asylums and horrible conditions

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7
Q

middle ages

A

went back to supernaturalism and hysteria

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8
Q

ways to decrease social stigma

A

public disclosures from celebrities, encouraging friends, being respectful, and campaigns like You Are Not Alone

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9
Q

lifetime prevalance

A

existence of a disorder during someones entire life

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10
Q

Thomas Szasz said

A

society labels behavior that is different as abnormal. Unusual belif systems are not necessarily wrong, just different.

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11
Q

viewpoints depend on

A

lifestyles, cultural values, and worldviews

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12
Q

What ______ are used in assessing symptoms?

A

criteria

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13
Q

When are _____ and ____ significant enought to have meaning?

A

symptoms and behaviors

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14
Q

psychodiagnosis (3)

A

describe, assess, understand

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15
Q

substance abuse counselor

A

-requirements vary
-work in the evaluation of drug and alchohol addiciton

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16
Q

psychiatrist social worker

A

-masters
-assesment, therapy, and screening with clients

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17
Q

mental health counselor/marriage counselor

A

-masters degreee
-hours of supervised clinical experience

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18
Q

counseling psychologist

A

-similar to psychologist
-more of a focus on adjusting life problems than medical

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19
Q

abnormal psychology

A

studies the symptoms and causes of mental disorders

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20
Q

multicultural psychology

A

cultural sensitivity; patients can recover and live satisfying lives.

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21
Q

psychological viewpoint

A

mental disorders are caused by psychological and emotional factors

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22
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

campaigned for funds to establish humane mental hospital

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23
Q

who changed the way mental health was dealth with in the 16th century

A

Johann Weyer

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24
Q

prehistoric idea of mental illness

A

supernatual, evil spirits were expelled with exorcisms

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25
Q

discrimination

A

action based on prejudice

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26
Q

predjudice

A

belief in negative stereotypes

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27
Q

prevalance

A

% of people who have a disorder during a certain time

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28
Q

a mental disorder is characterized by (3)

A

a disturbance in thinking, emotion, or behavior, distress or difficulty wtih daily function, or a non-culturally expected response

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29
Q

human behavior is ________

A

complex

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30
Q

6 mental health professions

A

clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, mental health counselor, psychiatrist, psychiatrist social worker, and substance abuse counselor

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31
Q

4 objectives of abnormal psychology (ADEP)

A

analyze describe, explain, predict,

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32
Q

biological viewpoint

A

mental disorders have a physical or physiological basis. G and K observed certain systems that occured regularly were called syndromes.

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33
Q

hippocrates considered

A

brain pathology (environment and hereditary)

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34
Q

self-stigma

A

undermining self-worth

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35
Q

culture is

A

learned behavior

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36
Q

Is it possible to have a mental disorder without _______ or ________?

A

distress or discomfort

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37
Q

what test is used to classify mental illness

A

DSM-5

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38
Q

determine the _______

A

etiology or possible causes

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39
Q

what does a model do?

A

attempts to describe a phenomenon that can’t be directly observed

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40
Q

4 models of psychopathology

A

Biological
Psychological
Social
Sociocultural

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41
Q

what does a multi-path model say?

A

views disorders from a holistic frame. also says that multiple influence can contribute to a certain disorder.

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42
Q

forebrain function

A

controls all higher function

43
Q

cerebral cortex function

A

manages attention, behavior and emotions.

44
Q

limbic system function

A

plays a role in emotions, decision-making, and memory.

45
Q

limbic system includes

A

the hippocampus and amygdala.

46
Q

people do not _______ an abnormality, but rather a _______, resulting in a disorder

A

1) inherit, 2) predisposition

47
Q

psychopharmacology

A

study of the effects of psychotropic drugs

48
Q

examples of psycho-drugs

A

anti-anxiety (valium), anti-psychotics (chlorpromazine), anti-depressants, (fluoxetine) mood stabilizers, (lithium) ECT

49
Q

4 major psychological perspectives (remember PBCH)

A

psychodynamic
behavioral
cognitive
Humanistic - existential

50
Q

components of personality

A

Id
Ego
Superego

51
Q

Id

A

pleasure principal

52
Q

Ego

A

realistic and rational

53
Q

Superego

A

moral considerations (conscience)

54
Q

Alder and Erikson

A

ego has adaptability that can separate from the Id

55
Q

Bowlby and Mahler

A

People need to be loved and emotionally supported in childhood

56
Q

4 psychodynamic therapies

A

objective
free association
dream analysis
interpersonal psychotherapy

57
Q

objective

A

uncover material blocked from consciousness

58
Q

free association

A

be honest and open with therapist, lead sessions

59
Q

interpersonal therapy

A

links childhood with relational patters

60
Q

what do behavioral models do

A

help us learn in the development of mental disorders

61
Q

classic conditioning (pavlov)

A

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired (dog and bell with drool)

62
Q

operant conditioning (bf. skinner)

A

behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences (positive and negative reinforcement and punishment)

63
Q

observational learning (albert bandura)

A

children are more likely to imitate behaviors observed

64
Q

exposure therapies/SDT systemic desensitization therapy

A

graduated exposer, and systemic desensitization

65
Q

Beck and Elis ABC theory

A

theory of emotional disturbance

66
Q

explaining ABC theory

A

A is an event, B is the reaction, C is the person’s belief which causes a reaction (think job example)

67
Q

what do nonreactive attention to emotions do

A

lesson power to emotions to reduce stress

68
Q

What does Dialectical behavior theory do

A

reinforce positive actions and its supportive

69
Q

Humanistic models

A

humans need positive regard
person centered therapy focuses on facilitating conditions that allow clients to full potential
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (love, self-actualization, safety, esteem)

70
Q

healthy relationships are important for what

A

human development and function

71
Q

approach to social therapies

A

family therapy, group therapy, couples therapy

72
Q

sociocultural emphasizes what

A

several factors can explain mental disorder like; race, gender, sexuality, and economic status

73
Q

lower socioeconomic class deals with

A

limited resources
poor health
high incidence of anxiety and depression.

74
Q

what kinds of conditionings are there?

A

Remember acronym OCO. Operant, Classical, Observational,.

75
Q

scientific method

A

form of systematic data collection, controlled observation, and testing hypotheses

76
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative explanation for certain facts or observations- an educated guess

77
Q

theory

A

group of principals and hypotheses that together explain some aspect of a particular area

78
Q

replication

A

repeating results under the same or similar test conditions

79
Q

how is a study “reliable”

A

when the result from one study is found to be consistent with another, it is more likely to represent a relabel claim to new knowledge

80
Q

case studies are ______ of one individual

A

intensive studies

81
Q

what do case studies do

A

-they rely on clinical data, (observations, medical and psychological tests and historical information).
-provide detailed information regarding the development of one individual

82
Q

downside of case studies

A

lack objectivity and control

83
Q

statistical analysis

A

determines the correlation between variables (looks at data from a group)

84
Q

correlational studies are important because they

A

allow for the analysis of variables that cannot be controlled: age, annual income, etc.

85
Q

positive correlation

A

is an increase in one variable accompanied by an increase in another
(example: 5 yr olds association with soft-drinks leads to increase in aggression)

86
Q

negative correlation

A

increase in one variable accompanied by a decrease in another

87
Q

the best tool for testing ___________ relationships _______________ is a prediction concerning how an independent variable will affect a dependent variable

A

cause and effect / experimental hypothesis

88
Q

dependent

A

expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable

89
Q

independent

A

manipulated to determine its effect on a dependent variable

90
Q

experimental group

A

group that exposed to the independent variable

91
Q

control group

A

group that’s not exposed top the independent variable

92
Q

placebo effect

A

improvement produced by expectations of a positive treatment outcome

93
Q

placebo

A

inactive substance

94
Q

single-blind design

A

participants unaware of the purpose of the research

95
Q

double-blind design

A

participants and individual working directly with the participant unaware of the experimental conditions

96
Q

analog study

A

investigation that attempts to stimulate real-life situations under controlled conditions

97
Q

field study

A

observing and recording behaviors in their natural environment.

98
Q

What is it important Not to do in a field study

A

Important NOT to disturb the natural environment

99
Q

operant conditioning behaviors are

A

voluntary and controllable

100
Q

classical conditioning behaviors

A

are involuntary (salivating)

101
Q

classical conditioning is two things paired

A

Neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus

102
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (used for depression)

103
Q

chlorpromazine

A

anti-psychotic (bipolar disorder, acute psychosis, etc).

abnormal psychology (5 decks)

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