Chapter 4 - Adler Flashcards
Adler was the forerunner of what 2 very popular concepts in society and psychology?
Style of life
Inferiority complex
Adler discarded Freud’s and Jung’s notions of humans as collections of ___, ____ and _________
ids, egos and complexes
Adler viewed people as i_________ wholes
integrated
What are the Adlerian Principles? (Differences from Freud)
o All behavior has ______ meaning (as opposed to sexual meaning)
o All behavior is ____-directed
o Behavior is _______
o Behavior works to overcome i_________ and pursue feelings of s__________ and p____
o Behavior is a result of our __________
o All behavior has social meaning (as opposed to sexual meaning)
o All behavior is goal-directed
o Behavior is unified
o Behavior works to overcome inferiority and pursue feelings of superiority and power
o Behavior is a result of our perceptions
What are Adler’s 3 Unavoidable Tasks in Life?
Society
Work
Love
Adler’s 3 Unavoidable Tasks in Life: Society
Problems involving our behavior towards others
Adler’s 3 Unavoidable Tasks in Life: Work
Problems of occupation, both in choosing one and being successful at it
Adler’s 3 Unavoidable Tasks in Life: Love
Problems of love
What did Adler believe developed and formed with the 3 Unavoidable Tasks in Life?
Development of social interest
Formation of personality
Social Feeling vs. Social Interest (Define each)
Social feeling = a potential
Social interest = efforts to bring social feeling to fruition
(At times, Adler used these terms interchangeably)
Relevance of social feeling to society
o Capacity to develop and maintain ________
o Cooperation in ______ and _________
o Selection of a ____
o In work, social feeling is cooperative activity for the benefit of ______
o Through ____, a commitment is developed
o In love, the perpetuation of the species is accomplished through _________ of two people
o Capacity to develop and maintain friendships
o Cooperation in school and activities
o Selection of a mate
o In work, social feeling is cooperative activity for the benefit of others
o Through work, a commitment is developed
o In love, the perpetuation of the species is accomplished through cooperation of two people
What are 3 Childhood Prerequisites to Love?
o Preparation for ___ ________ ______
o Consciousness of ______ ______ of partner
o Capacity for mutual ________
o Preparation for two person tasks
o Consciousness of equal worth of partner
o Capacity for mutual devotion
What are the 3 major influences in the Development of Social Interest?
Mother’s Influence
Father’s Influence
Birth Order Influence
What is style of life?
The original psychological orientation of the individual
S_____ of _____ guides personality development
Style of life
What are the different styles of life? (4)
Dominant
Getting
Avoiding
Socially useful
What are determinant of style of life? (3)
o Nature of parent-child relationships
o Creative power of the self
o Birth order
Describe the dominant style of life.
Little social awareness
Behaves without regard
What are more extreme Dominant types (3)
Sadists
Delinquents
Antisocial Personality Disorder
What are less extreme Dominant types (3)
Alcoholics
Drug addicts
Suicides
Describe the Getting style of life.
o Expects to receive satisfaction from others
o Becomes dependent upon others
Describe the Avoiding style of life.
o Does not try to address life’s problems
o Never risks failure
Describe the Socially Useful style of life.
o Cooperates with others while
o Acting in accordance with their needs
Describe the Socially Useful style of life.
o Cooperates with others while
o Acting in accordance with their needs
What is Adler’s birth order?
First born
Second born
Youngest
Only child
What was Adler trained as?
a general physician
Around what age are feelings of inferiority established?
4 or 5
What are 3 childhood handicaps which contribute to the inferiority complex?
Inferior physical organs
Parental neglect
Parental indulgence
Unsuccessful coping with inferiority leads to:
Inferiority complex
Superiority complex
What are the 3 forms of Adlerian Assessment?
Birth order
Early recollections
Dream analysis
What are Adler’s safeguarding tendencies similar to? What is their purpose?
Similar to defense mechanisms
Purpose: to protect self-esteem (Freud’s purpose was to lower anxiety level)
What are Adler’s safeguarding tendencies?
Excuses
Aggression
Withdrawal
Safeguarding tendencies - what are the three parts of aggression?
Depreciation
Accusation
Self-accusation
Safeguarding tendencies - what are the 4 sublevels of withdrawal?
Moving backward
Standing still
Hesitating
Constructing obstacles
Early Recollections Research
Themes correlated to conditions of persons having the recollections:
o Anxiety disorders – themes of …
o Depressive disorders – themes of …
o Somatoform disorders – themes of …
Early Recollections Research
Themes correlated to conditions of persons having the recollections:
o Anxiety disorders – themes of fearfulness
o Depressive disorders – themes of abandonment and loss
o Somatoform disorders – themes of illness
The push button technique helps understand how…
someone can control your emotions
Large families and IQ:
Intellection environment of first born
Estimated at IQ =
Intellection environment of later born
Estimated at IQ =
100
70
IQ of 70 is the dividing line for…
mental retardation
Connected knowing vs separate knowing
Connected knowing: knowers take the perspective of others
Separate knowing: knowers distance themselves from the ideas of others or challenge and doubt
What are the 3 major characteristics of the Adlerian Scheme?
o Rejected Freud’s psychic structure
o Rejected intrapsychic conflict
o Rejected Freudian determinism
What is Adler’s Prototype? (2)
The “complete goal” of style of life
Fiction developed in childhood
What 2 purposes does the prototype serve?
- Means of adapting to life
- Strategy for achieving goals
What happens when a person meets reality?
Psychological shock
Extreme reaction to shock =
neurosis
Neurosis results from underdeveloped ______ _______
social interest
Shyness, anxiety and pessimism are lower level of manifestations of…
Shyness, anxiety and pessimism are lower level of manifestations of neurosis
Adlerian Therapy
o Increase neurotic’s awareness of ____ of ______ feeling
o Tapping into the ________ and ________ still present in the neurotic personality aids in this effort
o Increase neurotic’s awareness of lack of social feeling
o Tapping into the courage and optimism still present in the neurotic personality aids in this effort
What are the 4 stages of Adlerian Therapy?
Engagement
Assessment
Insight
Reorientation
Which stage of therapy is this?
o Establishment of therapeutic relationship
o Collaboration in addressing problems
o Therapist offers support/encouragement
Engagement
Which stage of therapy is this?
o Data collection on early collections and family dynamics
Assessment
Which stage of therapy is this?
o Therapist provides interpretation of the client’s situation
o Therapist allows client to decide if correct
Insight
