Chapter 3 - Jung Flashcards
Define Jung’s Personal Unconscious
Made up of contents that have at one time been conscious but which have disappeared from consciousness through having been forgotten or repressed.
Define Jung’s Collective Unconscious
A storehouse of ancestral experiences dating to the dawn of humankind and common to all humans.
Like Freud, Jung wrote of a psyche. What is it?
Also called total mentality
All of consciousness and unconsciousness
Define persona
The identities we assume because of the socially prescribed roles we play
Consciousness and unconsciousness may b welded into a unified whole by the development of the ____, the “_____ __________,” the unifying core of the _____ that ensures a balance of ________ and __________ forces
self
total personality
psyche
conscious and unconscious
Life Frued, Jung referred to l_____ - psychic energy - which he imbued with s_____ m______ than Freud
libido
sexual meaning
Libido is subject to the principle of e_________ - energy consumes to accommodate one intention
equivalence
Entropy is…
the equalization of differences in order to bring out a balance or equilibrium
The shadow is the _________of the p_________, the i__________of the person that are e_________ in nature and too unpleasant to willingly reveal.
the underside of the personality, the inferiorities of the person that are emotional in nature and too unpleasant to willingly reveal.
The archetype ANIMA is the representation of _________ __ ____
woman in man
The archetype ANIMUS is the representation of ___ __ ________
man in woman
Identify Carl Jung’s & Analytical Psychology’s Characteristics (4)
First multidisciplinary psychologist
Theory based upon 4 types of observations
Therapy innovations
Modern research which now explores Jung’s theories
What are the 4 types of observations?
The Word Association Test
Dream analysis
Active imagination
Analytical psychotherapy
What modern research explores Jung’s theories? (3)
Myers-Briggs Type Inventory
Research on attraction
Research on academic performance
Freud and Jung both saw consciousness with the ___
ego
Jung saw ___ as center of c____________, but not core of p__________, like how Freud did
ego
consciousness
personality
What did Jung think was the core of personality?
The self and it was mostly unconscious
Jung believed that healthy individuals need to have contact with…
both their conscious and unconscious to complete personality development.
How do we know archetypes exist?
Dreams and hallucinations
Jung believed that archetypes were a…
powerful identifying function which bound all people of the world together
Archetypes cannot be accessed ________ as they are expressed primarily through ______. Also expressed through f________ and d________.
directly
dreams
fantasies
delusions
Jung said that activation of an archetype is like an event of…
falling in love.
Archetype - The Self (4)
Archetype of all archetypes
Core of personality
Mostly unconscious
Symbol = a mandala (represents wholeness
Archetype - Persona (4)
Symbol = a mask
Each person has to assume a social role
Need for balance between demands of society and who a person really is
A particular demeanor dictated mostly by occupation
Archetype - shadow (5)
Symbol = serpents, monsters
Creativity, vitality
Objectionable characteristic of our personality
Must confront one’s shadow for healthy personality dev. but most people refuse
“THE FIRST TEST OF COURAGE”
Archetype - Anima and Animus (4)
The other gender’s aspect in our psyche
Completion, balance
Males: strong, independent, silent, assertive, aggressive
Females, fragile, emotionality, prim and proper, compliant, agreeable
Archetype - The Great Mother (5)
o Wisdom
o Fertility
o Seduction
o Earth
o If too dominant, impotence (stifles ability to take independent action), overwhelms her children
Archetype - The Wise Old Man (4)
o Wisdom, knowledge
o Intuition
o Goodwill
o Helps the hero on his journey by asking pertinent questions, giving talisman (a good luck charm)
Archetype - The Hero (4)
o Fights the dragon
o Rescues the maiden
o Saves “goodness”, innocence
o Earliest of archetypes –> from the beginning of time, every story has a hero and a villain
The self includes: (3)
Conscious and unconscious mind
Main function - to unify all aspects of the personality
Unites opposing elements of the psyche
What are opposing elements of the psyche? (3)
Male and female
Good and evil
Light and dark forces
To self-realize (individuation), a person must: (4)
Overcome fear of unconscious
Prevent persona from dominating personality
Recognize their dark side (shadow)
Face their anima or animus
The psychology of opposites involves: (5)
o Unity, connecting opposites
o Ying and yang
o Good and evil
o Male and female characteristics
o Light and dark forces
Balancing opposing forces of the personality:
Libido =
Entropy =
o Libido = psychic energy fueling all mental processes
o Entropy = the equalization of the opposing parts of the personality which results in balance or equilibrium
One of the three laws of thermodynamics
Jung placed primary emphasis on the c_________ u___________ and the a________
He used p_______ e__________ to round out the p__________.
On the other hand Freud placed emphasis on p________ e__________ and then looked to shared experience of humankind to round out p_________.
collective unconscious
archetypes
personal experiences; personality
personal experiences
persoanlity
What are the 6 Stages of Individuation?
- Minimization of the persona
- Realization of the first shadow (The 1st Test of Courage)
- Realization of the anima/animus (The 2nd Test of Courage)
- Balance between extraversion and introversion
- Elevations of all four functions to a superior position
- Commitment to an archetype of spiritual or creative meaning
Jung and the personal unconscious (4)
o Unique to each person
o Formed from experience
o Contains repressed, forgotten or subliminally perceived experiences
o Complexes – the content
Jung and Complexes (3)
o Source of all human emotions
o Building blocks of the psyche
o Emotion-laden theme from a person’s life (as opposed to archetypes, which is an emotionally charged image)
What are the features of complexes?
o Everyone has them
o Have positive attributes
–> Motivating factor
–> Provides sense of safety and protection
o Weak place in the psyche
What are the 2 parts of psychic energy?
o Progression
–> Adaptation to outside world (extroverted parts)
o Regression
–> Adaptation to the “inner world” (introverted parts)
What are the 3 goals of personality development?
o To achieve individuation –> occurs in middle age
o Unconscious material is made conscious
What are Jung’s Stages of Development?
I. Childhood – believed to be important
II. Youth
III. Middle Age – considered most important
IV. Old age
I. Childhood
- Anarchic - chaos and sporadic consciousness
- Monarchic - dev. of ego, beginning of logical thinking and referring to themselves in third person
- Dualistic - ego divided in objective and subjective
II. Youth (3)
Puberty - middle age
Psychic birth - psyche begins to take on its own character
Conservative principle - natural tendency to go to childish behavior and values
III. Middle Age (4)
Begins around age 40
Individuation may occur here
o Success: dependent on establishing a NEW meaning in your life. Exploring a mature religious orientation with mention of some sort of after life
o Consciousness is at its peak
IV. Old Age (4)
Submersion in unconscious
Diminished consciousness
Jung believed goal of life was death
Most of his patients were older
Jung - Word Association Test (5)
o Goal: tap into complexes
o A stimulus word was given
o List 100 stimulus word was constructed
o Words chosen to elicit emotional reaction
o In addition to recording the response to the word, Jung observed and recorded other behaviors
What behaviors were recorded during Word Association Test?
Response time
Breathing rate – 10-20 normal per minute (when
stressed, 40 per minute)
Galvanic skin response
Selected because objective and scientific
Jung was a pioneer of what tests?
Biofeedback and the polygraph
Jung’s Dream Analysis (3)
Purpose: uncover the elements from collective unconscious so that they can be integrated into conscious so it can facilitate process of individuation
Believed dreams are our unconscious attempting to discover the unknown
Believed there was a lot more to dream symbols than sexual organs or just sex themes
Jung’s Dream analysis - Types of Dreams
Big Dreams
Typical Dreams
Collective Dreams (Earliest Remembered Dreams)
What are Big Dreams? (4)
Dreams which have special meaning for all people
Came from study of the Elgon
Originate in collective unconscious, dreamer is dreaming for the community, the environment, or the entire world
feel more “real” than real life
What are common elements of Big Dreams? (7)
o Visitations
o Abstract geometric patterns
o Flying, floating, or falling
o Encounters with mythical creatures
o Encounters with intelligent animals
o Awe, fascination, terror, sense of “other”
Clearly focused structure
What are Typical Dreams? (9)
o “Bread and Butter” of dream life
o Chaotic stories
o Funny pairings of people from past with present
situations
o Anxiety dreams
o More personalized
o Loosely structured
o Common to most people
o Archetypes such as mother, god, devil, wise old man
o Archetypal objects such as sun, fish, snake,
predatorial animals
What are Collective Dreams/Earliest Remembered Dreams?
o Earliest dreams remembered
o Dreams we have at age of 3 or 4
o Contain mythical or symbolic images
o Archetypal content: wise old man, the tree, the fish,
the mandala
o Transferred genetically
Jung’s Active Imagination
Purpose: to reveal archetypal images emerging from unconscious
Unique form of observation
Jung believed it was superior to dream analysis
Why did Jung believe Active Imagination was superior to dream analysis? (4)
it’s a better technique than dream a because images are reproduced during consciousness
images are clearer and more reproducible
feeling tone is quite specific
no difficulty reproducing vision or remembering the mood
What is the Active Imagination Process? (2)
o Person comes up with an impression – until starts to move
o Person tried to communicate with these images
What are Jung’s therapeutic innovations?
Brief Therapeutic Interventions
Alcoholics Anonymous
Jung’s Psychotherapy (4)
Catharsis
Gaining Insight
Educating patients as social beings
Transformation
What is Catharsis in Psychotherapy? (3)
An emotional reaction
What Jung thought being psychologically healthy was about – having emotional reactions
Jung said for people who had minor problems, getting them to have an emotional reaction is probably all they needed
What is Gaining Insight in Psychotherapy? (3)
Interpretation, explanation of what client was talking to you about
Nothing new, Freud and his teachers came up with his
Freud stopped at this step
What is Educating Patients as Social Beings in Psychotherapy? (4)
Uniquely Jungian
You would educate people as to what the best way to respond is in social situations
Teaching people better emotional regulation
Art of conversations
What is Transformation in Psychotherapy? (4)
Uniquely Jungian
Referred to transformation that needs to occur is transforming of therapist into a healthy person
They need to go under Jungian analysis themselves.
Once therapist is healthy, transformation can be completed along with the client
Carl Jun - Important Contributions
C__________ u_____________
(believed in only ________ and ___________)
First one to belive P_________ D__________ occurred over _____ _____
Creator of the terms E_________-I__________
First to talk about Personality T_____ and Personality T____
o Collective unconscious (believed in only conscious and unconscious)
o First one to believe Personality development occurred over life span
o Creator of the terms Extraversion – Introversion
o First to talk about Personality Types and Personality Tests
Explain what Carl Jung believed about the psyche
The mind as a whole
Contains all conscious and unconscious processes
Carl Jung – Levels of Consciousness (_ parts)
2
Unconscious
Conscious
What is an architype?
How do we know they exist?
Emotionally charged images
We know they exist through dreams and hallucinations
