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Personality Psych > Chapter 1 (Quiz 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Quiz 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

Long-term patterns of behavior which are relatively consistent over time and across situations

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2
Q

Personality psychology started officially in _____ at _______, but was not actually related to what personality psychology is today. Instead it was focused on ____________ psychology and study of the _____.

A

1922; Harvard
physiological; brain

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3
Q

When personality of psychology started, was it an academic field or an applied field?

A

Academic

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4
Q

The first 4/5 personality psychologists were __________, not clinical psychologists.

A

physicians

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5
Q

How does personality psychology assist in clinical psychology nowadays?

A

It assists in treatment planning

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6
Q

What are the 3 type of research methods of personality psychologists?

A

Experiments
Correlational studies
Case studies

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7
Q

What are the different parts of an experiment? (5)

A

Theory
Hypothesis
Independent variable
dependent variable
Control group

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8
Q

Why the experimental method?

A

1) Allows us to state cause-and-effect relationships
2) Only methodology which produces this result

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9
Q

What are the different shapes and sizes that experiments come in? (3)

A

Animal experiments (e.g., Rats and the Skinner box)
Research with humans
Personality research (e.g., type A, type B, type C and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)

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10
Q

Explain Theory in experiments

After ______ _______(lit. review) and creates ________set of _______ which _____ _____.

Theory makes ______ about _______ _______.

A

After extensive research (lit. review) and creates interrelated set of concepts which explains data.

Theory makes predictions about observable events.

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11
Q

Explain Hypothesis in experiments.

A

A prediction statement(s) which provides a possible explanation for behavior (may or may not be correct).

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12
Q

Explain Independent Variable in experiments.

A

Manipulated by the experimenter

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13
Q

Explain Dependent Variable in experiments.

A

A variable of interest
A measurable bahavior

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14
Q

Explain Control Group in experiments.

A

A second group except they receive no level of the independent variable.

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15
Q

Explain double blind and single blind studies

A

Double blind studies - participant AND therapist don’t know who is receiving treatment/intervention

Single blind studies - only participants don’t know who is receiving treatment/intervention
(used most of the time because therapist needs to know what they’re doing in the experiment)

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16
Q

Which is stronger: double blind or single blind studies?

A

Double blind studies

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17
Q

What are the non-experimental research methodologies? (4)

A

Correlational Studies
Naturalistic observation
Case studies
Surveys

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18
Q

Correlational studies
(define correlation)

A

A relationship between two events which is expressed in numerical terms (a correlation coefficient, a decimal)
Not as strong as an experimental study

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19
Q

Case studies

A

Involves intensive observations of a single person
Weakest type of study

20
Q

Who used case studies?

A

Sigmund Freud

21
Q

How are case studies mostly used today?

A

Widely used in the business world

22
Q

_____ was believed to be that it was something everyone had, and ____________ was ______ (present at birth and restored).

A

Trait; personality; genetic

23
Q

Through ____ _______’s study, it was proved that personality was not genetic.

A

Hans Eysenck

24
Q

Intelligence has a _.__ correlation to _______.

A

0.95; genetics

25
Q

What are the parts of the Five Factor Theory?

A

Extraversion
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience

26
Q

What is Extraversion? (2)

A

Sociability
Capacity for positive emotions

27
Q

What is Neuroticism?

A

A measure of emotional maturity
- How easily upset someone is
- Expression of negative emotions

28
Q

What is agreeableness?

A

Being a team player
Ability to compromise
Expression of positive emotions

29
Q

What is conscientiousness? (3)

A

Attention to detail e.g., handwriting
Dependability
Level of organization

30
Q

What is Openness to Experience? (2)

A

Adventuresome
Flexibility

31
Q

What were people trying to do through the Five Factor Theory?

A

To determine parts of personality through a data reduction process.

32
Q

The Five Factor Theory takes a ______ approach and is ____________.

A

lexical; atheoretical

33
Q

The Five Factor Theory was derived from ______ ________.

A

factor analysis

34
Q

What is the best researched personality theory?

A

Eysenck’s 3 Factor Theory.

35
Q

What is the Person-Situation Controversy?

A

The controversy of whether personality is determined by genetics or environment
By Dr. Walter Michelle and colleagues

36
Q

What is the etiology of personality disorders?

A

Social motivations: motives
Our self-image

37
Q

Two of the most important motives in understanding human personality are _______ and ________.

A

Affiliation; dominance

38
Q

Affiliation is the…

A

desire for close relationships with other people

39
Q

Dominance is the…

A

desire for impact, prestige, or power

40
Q

Self-image:
____ ____ of self-image
_____ _____ of self-esteem
Evaluation of _____ with others
_______ _______ are deficient.

A

Concerns stability
External validation
relationships
Empathetic feelings

41
Q

Social motivation: motives
Describe the way ________________________, and they help explain why ______________________.

A

Describe the way the person would like things to be, and they help to explain why people behave in a particular fashion

42
Q

_______ _____ frequently determine whether a ______ _____ of behavior will be assigned a _____ or _____ meaning by other people.

A

Social circumstances; specific pattern; negative or positive

43
Q

DSM-5 classifies __ specific types of personality disorder.

A

10

44
Q

Cluster A =
Cluster B =
Cluster C =

A

Cluster A = Restricted emotional experience
Cluster B = Dramatic emotional expression
Cluster C = Anxiety and fearfulness

45
Q

What are the domains of impairment?

A

o Cognition
o Emotional responses
o Interpersonal function
o Impulse control

Personality Psych (9 decks)

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