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Biological Science (Sc 103) > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Theory that all organisms consists of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life; all cells come from division of preexisting cells; and all cells pass hereditary material to offspring.

A

Cell Theory

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2
Q

Semifluid substances enclosed by a cell’s plasma membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Of a eukaryotic cell, organelle with a double membrane that holds the cell’s DNA.

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Structure that carries out a specialized metabolic function inside a cell.

A

Organella

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5
Q

A cell’s outermost membrane

A

Plasma Membrane

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6
Q

A relationship in which the volume of an object increases with the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases with the square.

A

Surface-to-Volume ratio

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7
Q

Protein that helps cell stick together in animal tissues.

A

Adhesion Protein

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8
Q

Model of a cell membrane as a two-dimensional fluid of mixed composition.

A

Fluid Mosaic

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9
Q

Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell activity after binding to a particular substance.

A

Receptor Protein

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10
Q

Protein that passively or actively assists specific ions or molecules across a membrane.

A

Transport Protein

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11
Q

Community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of secreted slime.

A

Biofilm

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12
Q

Rigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells.

A

Cell Wall

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13
Q

Long, slender cellular structure used for motility.

A

Flagellum

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14
Q

Of a bacterium or archaean, region of cytoplasm where the DNA is concentrated.

A

Nucleoid

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15
Q

A protein filament that projects from the surface of some prokaryotic cells.

A

Pilus

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16
Q

Small circle of DNA in some bacteria and archaea.

A

Plasmid

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17
Q

Organelle of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

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18
Q

A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. Pores in the membrane control which substances can cross.

A

Nuclear Envelope

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19
Q

In a cell nucleus, a dense, irregularly shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembled.

A

Nucleolus

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20
Q

Viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope.

A

Nucleoplasm

21
Q

Fluid-filled vesicle in many plant cells.

A

Central Vacuole

22
Q

Series of interacting organelles between nucleus and plasma membrane; produce lipids, proteins.

A

Endomembrane System

23
Q

Organelle that is a continuous system of sacs and tubes extending from the nucleus envelope. Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down carbohydrate and fatty acids; ribosomes on the surface of rough ER synthesize proteins

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

24
Q

Organelle that modifies proteins and lipids, then package the finished products into vesicles.

A

Golgi body

25
Q

Enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down cellular wastes and debris.

A

Lysosome

26
Q

Enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances.

A

Peroxisome

27
Q

A fluid-filled organelle that isolates or disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials.

A

Vacuole

28
Q

Small, membrane-enclosed organelle; different kinds store, transport, or break down their contents.

A

Vesicle

29
Q

Organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and photosynthetic protists.

A

Chloroplast

30
Q

One of several types of double-membraned organelles in plants and algae cells; for example, a chloroplast or amyloplast.

A

Plastid

31
Q

Organelle that develops from a centriole.

A

Basal Body

32
Q

Mesh of cytoskeletal elements under a plasma membrane.

A

Cell Cortex

33
Q

Barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow.

A

Centriole

34
Q

Short, movable structure that projects from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells.

A

Cilium

35
Q

Network of interconnected protein filaments that support, organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their parts.

A

Cytoskeleton

36
Q

Stable cytoskeletal elemental that is a fiber of actin subunits. Reinforces cell membranes; functions in muscle contractions.

A

Microfilament

37
Q

Cytoskeletal element involved in movement; hollow filament of tubulin subunits.

A

Microtubule

38
Q

Type of energy-using protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements to move the cell’s parts or the whole cell.

A

Motor protein

39
Q

A temporary protrusion that helps some eukaryotic cells move and engulf prey.

A

Pseudopod

40
Q

Cell junction composed of adhesion proteins that connect to cytoskeletal elements. Fastens cells to each other and basement membrane.

A

Adhering Junction

41
Q

Structure that connects a cell to another cell or to extracellular matrix.

A

Cell Junction

42
Q

Secreted covering at a body surface.

A

Cuticle

43
Q

Complex mixture of cell secretions; its composition and function vary by cell type.

A

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

44
Q

Cell junction that forms a closable channel across the plasma membranes of adjoining animal cells.

A

Gap Junction

45
Q

Material that strengthens cell walls of vascular plants.

A

Lignin

46
Q

Cell junctions that form an open channel between the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.

A

Plasmodesmata

47
Q

The first cell wall of young plant cells.

A

Primary Wall

48
Q

Lignin-reinforced wall that forms inside the primary wall of a plant cell.

A

Secondary Wall

49
Q

Arrays of adhesion proteins that join epithelial cells and collectively prevent fluids from leaking between them.

A

Tight Junctions

Biological Science (Sc 103) (7 decks)

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