Chapter 19 Flashcards
Virus that infects bacteria
Bacteriophage
Virus that causes AIDS
HIV
Bacteriophage replication path in which viral DNA becomes integrated into the host’s chromosome and is passed to the host’s descendants
Lysogenic Pathway
Bacteriophage replication pathway in which a virus immediately replicates in its host and kills it.
Lytic Pathway
RNA virus that uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to produce viral DNA in a host cell.
Retrovirus
Noncellular, infectious particle of protein and nucleic acid; replicates only in a host cell.
Virus
A disease that was previously unknown or has recently begun spreading to a new region.
Emerging disease
Disease-causing agent
Pathogen
Animal that carries a pathogen from one host to the next.
Vector
Multiple strains of virus infect a host simultaneously and swap genes.
Viral Recombination
Small noncoding RNA that can infect plants
Viroid
Method of asexual reproduction that divides one bacterial or archaea cell into two identical descendants cell.
Binary Fission
Organism that uses carbon dioxide as its carbon source and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules.
Chemoautotroph
Organism that obtains energy and carbon by breaking down organic compounds
Chemoheterotroph
Mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in which one prokaryote passes a plasmid to another.
Conjugation
Transfer of genetic material between existing individuals.
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Organism that obtains carbon from carbon dioxide and energy from light.
Photoautotroph
Organism that obtains its carbon from organic compounds and its energy from light.
Photoheterotroph
Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria.
Cyanobacteria
Resistant resting stage of some soil bacteria.
Endospore
Organism that breaks down organic compounds in wastes and remains into their inorganic subunits.
Decomposer
Bacteria with thick cell walls that are colored purple when prepared for microscopy by Gram staining.
Gram-positive bacteria
Incorporation of nitrogen gas into ammonia.
Nitrogen Fixation
Most diverse bacterial lineage.
Proteobacteria
Bacteria that resemble a stretched-out spring.
Spirochetes
Normally harmless or beneficial microorganisms that typically live in or on a body.
Normal Flora
Organism adapted to life in a highly salty environment.
Extreme Halophile
Organism adapted to life in a very high-temperature environment.
Extreme Thermophile
Organism that produces methane gas as a metabolic by-product.
Methanogen
