Chapter 19

Question 1

Virus that infects bacteria

Answer 1

Bacteriophage

Question 2

Virus that causes AIDS

Answer 2

HIV

Question 3

Bacteriophage replication path in which viral DNA becomes integrated into the host’s chromosome and is passed to the host’s descendants

Answer 3

Lysogenic Pathway

Question 4

Bacteriophage replication pathway in which a virus immediately replicates in its host and kills it.

Answer 4

Lytic Pathway

Question 5

RNA virus that uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to produce viral DNA in a host cell.

Answer 5

Retrovirus

Question 6

Noncellular, infectious particle of protein and nucleic acid; replicates only in a host cell.

Answer 6

Virus

Question 7

A disease that was previously unknown or has recently begun spreading to a new region.

Answer 7

Emerging disease

Question 8

Disease-causing agent

Answer 8

Pathogen

Question 9

Animal that carries a pathogen from one host to the next.

Answer 9

Vector

Question 10

Multiple strains of virus infect a host simultaneously and swap genes.

Answer 10

Viral Recombination

Question 11

Small noncoding RNA that can infect plants

Answer 11

Viroid

Question 12

Method of asexual reproduction that divides one bacterial or archaea cell into two identical descendants cell.

Answer 12

Binary Fission

Question 13

Organism that uses carbon dioxide as its carbon source and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules.

Answer 13

Chemoautotroph

Question 14

Organism that obtains energy and carbon by breaking down organic compounds

Answer 14

Chemoheterotroph

Question 15

Mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in which one prokaryote passes a plasmid to another.

Answer 15

Conjugation

Question 16

Transfer of genetic material between existing individuals.

Answer 16

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Question 17

Organism that obtains carbon from carbon dioxide and energy from light.

Answer 17

Photoautotroph

Question 18

Organism that obtains its carbon from organic compounds and its energy from light.

Answer 18

Photoheterotroph

Question 19

Photosynthetic, oxygen-producing bacteria.

Answer 19

Cyanobacteria

Question 20

Resistant resting stage of some soil bacteria.

Answer 20

Endospore

Question 21

Organism that breaks down organic compounds in wastes and remains into their inorganic subunits.

Answer 21

Decomposer

Question 22

Bacteria with thick cell walls that are colored purple when prepared for microscopy by Gram staining.

Answer 22

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 23

Incorporation of nitrogen gas into ammonia.

Answer 23

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 24

Most diverse bacterial lineage.

Answer 24

Proteobacteria

Question 25

Bacteria that resemble a stretched-out spring.

Answer 25

Spirochetes

Question 26

Normally harmless or beneficial microorganisms that typically live in or on a body.

Answer 26

Normal Flora

Question 27

Organism adapted to life in a highly salty environment.

Answer 27

Extreme Halophile

Question 28

Organism adapted to life in a very high-temperature environment.

Answer 28

Extreme Thermophile

Question 29

Organism that produces methane gas as a metabolic by-product.

Answer 29

Methanogen