Chapter 4

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Question 3

Exercisemetabolism

Answer 3

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise

Question 4

Substrates

Answer 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which includestarches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein; it serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Question 8

Fat

Answer 8

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Question 9

Triglycerides

Answer 9

The chemical, or substrate, form in which most fats exist in food as well as in the body.

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Question 11

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 11

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 12

Adenosinetriphosphate (ATP)

Answer 12

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 13

Adenosinediphosphate

Answer 13

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed

Question 14

β-oxidation

Answer 14

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits, called free fatty acids (FFAs), to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 15

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 15

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.