Chapter 2 Flashcards
Human movement system
The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Nervous system
The communication network within the human body.
Sensory function
The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment
Integrative function
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information and produce the appropriate response
Motor function
The neuromuscular response to the sensory information after interpretation
Proprioception
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movement
Neuron
The functional unit of the nervous system
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord.
Interneurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Motor (efferent) neurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.
Central nervous system
The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body
Mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues
Musclespindles
Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Golgi tendon organs
Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change
Joint receptors
Mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.
Skeletal system
The body’s framework; composed of bones and joints
Bones
Structures that provide the resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs
Joints
Junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscles cause movement to occur
Axial skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.
Remodeling
The process of resorption and formation of bone
Osteoclasts
A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (resorption)
Osteoblasts
A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation
Epiphysis
The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production; one of the primary sites for bone growth.
Diaphysis
The shaft portion of a long bone
Epiphyseal plate
The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate.
