Chapter 2

Question 1

Human movement system

Answer 1

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

Question 2

Nervous system

Answer 2

The communication network within the human body.

Question 3

Sensory function

Answer 3

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

Question 4

Integrative function

Answer 4

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information and produce the appropriate response

Question 5

Motor function

Answer 5

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information after interpretation

Question 6

Proprioception

Answer 6

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movement

Question 7

Neuron

Answer 7

The functional unit of the nervous system

Question 8

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 8

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

Interneurons

Answer 9

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

Question 10

Motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 10

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.

Question 11

Central nervous system

Answer 11

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 12

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

Question 13

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 13

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

Question 14

Musclespindles

Answer 14

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

Question 15

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 15

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

Question 16

Joint receptors

Answer 16

Mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

Question 17

Skeletal system

Answer 17

The body’s framework; composed of bones and joints

Question 18

Bones

Answer 18

Structures that provide the resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

Question 19

Joints

Answer 19

Junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscles cause movement to occur

Question 20

Axial skeleton

Answer 20

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Question 21

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 21

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.

Question 22

Remodeling

Answer 22

The process of resorption and formation of bone

Question 23

Osteoclasts

Answer 23

A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (resorption)

Question 24

Osteoblasts

Answer 24

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation

Question 25

Epiphysis

Answer 25

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production; one of the primary sites for bone growth.

Question 26

Diaphysis

Answer 26

The shaft portion of a long bone

Question 27

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 27

The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate.