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414 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

define 20 concepts on page 137

A

…

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2
Q

To ­understand group communication, two factors must be discussed

A

the patterns of group communication and the variables that influence communication effectiveness

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3
Q

is group communication a pattern of interaction among members than as a specific set of skills

A

pattern

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4
Q

three approaches to examining patterns of group communication?

A

interaction analysis, one- versus two-way communication, and communication networks

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5
Q

4 inflleuences of group communication ?

A

cooperative versus competitive context, group norms, physical barriers, seating arrangements, and humor

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6
Q

review figure 4.1

A

..

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7
Q

what is group communication

A

a message sent by a group member to one or more receivers with the conscious intent of affecting the receivers’ behavior

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8
Q

T: when the receivers interpret the sender’s message in the same way the sender intended it

A

effective communication

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9
Q

Communication is pervasive in all aspects of sensing other group members what does this mean

A

Whenever group members see, hear, smell, or touch one another, communication takes place.

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10
Q

communication is a simultaneous process what does this mean

A

members receive, send, interpret, and infer all at the same time. It is not a sequence of events in which a group member thinks up a message, sends it, and other group members receive it

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11
Q

how many lines of communication in a 3 way exchange

A

6 (12 in a quad)

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12
Q

T: is any verbal or nonverbal symbol that one person transmits to others

A

The message

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13
Q

review figure 4.3

A

.

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14
Q

T: can be defined as the means of sending a message to another person

A

channel

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15
Q

The receivers’ interpretation depends on what 2 things

A

how well they understand the content of the message and the intentions of the sender.

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16
Q

is any element that interferes with the communication process

A

noise

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17
Q

ego of noise in the sender and receiver?

A

such things as his or her attitudes and frame of reference and the appropriateness of his or her language or other expression of the message. In the receiver, noise refers to such things as attitudes, background, and experiences that affect the decoding process.

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18
Q

where is this noise?noise refers to (a) environmental sounds, such as static or traffic, (b) speech problems, such as stammering, and (c) annoying or distracting mannerisms, such as a tendency to mumble

A

in the channel,

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19
Q

should you say most people over saying I

A

no People disown their messages when they use phrases such as “most people,” “some of our friends,” and “our group.”

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20
Q

refers to the receiver’s perception of the trustworthiness of the sender’s statements.

A

sender credibility

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21
Q

6 things that boost sender credibility

A

a) reliable as an information source, (b) motivated to tell the truth, (c) warm and friendly, (d) trustworthy, (e) in possession of expertise, and (f) dynamic.

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22
Q

you should avoid being redundant in your messages

A

f Sending the same message more than once and using more than one channel of communication (such as pictures and written messages as well as verbal and nonverbal cues) will help the receiver understand your messages.

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23
Q

Make the message appropriate to the receiver’s frame of reference how is this done

A

Explain the same information differently to an expert in the field and a novice, to a child and an adult, to your boss and your coworker.

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24
Q

3 ways to communicate feelings?

A

name, action, or figure of speech.

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25
Q

2 skills of recovering messages?

A

(a) communicating the intention of wanting to understand the ideas and feelings of the sender without evaluation and (b) understanding and interpreting the sender’s ideas and feelings.

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26
Q

the receiving skills are …3

A

paraphrasing (most important), checking one’s perception of the sender’s feelings, and negotiating for meaning

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27
Q

how is information distributed in a group

A

In most problem-solving groups, some information is shared by everyone, some information is known only to a few members, and each member may have information that no one else in the group knows.

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28
Q

both effective sending and receiving skills are essential for all group members why

A

to gather info

29
Q

what makes exchange of info problematic?

A

the noise in groups

30
Q

How successfully group members integrate their resources depends to a large extent on three factors: …

A

(a) their sending and receiving skills, (b) the group norms about and procedures for communicating, and (c) the pattern of communication among group members.

31
Q

effective groups must maintain a balance between task and socioemotional activity:T

A

EQUALIBRIUM THEORY

32
Q

a group must balance activity in its … system (which deals with achieving its goals and adapting to its environment) with activity in its … system (which deals with relations among group members and the development of the group).

A

external

internal

33
Q

in effective decision making, communication serves two functions: …

A

promotive functions (promoting sound reasoning and critical thinking) and counteractive functions (preventing groups from making errors).

34
Q

The interaction among group members can be analyzed on three levels

A
  1. level of relative frequency and length of communication acts
  2. who communicates to whom
  3. who triggers whom in what ways
35
Q

T are representations of the acceptable paths of communication among members of a group or organization.

A

communication networks

36
Q

figure 4.5 draw the 5 Dif communication networks with 5 people

A

…

37
Q

should communication be centralized

A

who occupies a central physical position in a communication network usually has more information, emerges as the leader of the group, and is better able to coordinate group activities but Typically, the morale of a group is higher in decentralized (circle, open) communication networks than in centralized ones (chain, Y, wheel).

38
Q

when would a centralized method of communication work best

A

When a task is simple and requires only the collection of information, a centralized network is more efficient in terms of speed and lack of errors. (can be too many messages for centre otherwise)

39
Q

T exists when role requirements are established in such a way that different members perform different roles, and members performing particular roles supervise the other members to make sure they fulfill their role requirements.

A

authority hierarchy

40
Q

are authority hierarchies good or bad

A

authority hierarchies are established to facilitate the effectiveness of the group, they often undermine communication, distributed participation and leadership, and equalization of power.

41
Q

The communication network thus created determines the …2 of information a group member can expect to receive from the other members.

A

amount and type

42
Q

many groups have communication based on patterns of friendship and social contact among group members. T

A

informal communication network

43
Q

In an authority hierarchy, communication procedures may be …3`

A

one-way, one-way-with-feedback, or two-way.

44
Q

what determines com effectiveness in 1 way com

A

communication effectiveness is determined by how the messages are created and presented
but tends to be less effective but takes lesss time

45
Q

during one way w feedback you can say if you agree with chairperson

A

f group members can provide feedback on their understanding of the message but not on whether they agree with it.

46
Q

T is a reciprocal process in which each member may initiate messages and clarify other members’ messages

A

2 way com

47
Q

feelings of ….can be discussed and resolved at the time they are experienced so they do not interfere with the group’s work. in 2 way

A

resistance or doubt

48
Q

pros and cons of 2 way

A

Although two-way communication tends to be more time consuming than the one-way procedures and more frustrating for the chairperson, it tends to be less frustrating for the group members and more effective for the whole group in the long run

49
Q

in 2 way com in authority hierarchies everyone gets same amount of talking time

A

f High-authority group members usually do most of the talking, and most of the messages are directed at them. (Low-authority members often do not communicate with one another during a group meeting, preferring to address their remarks to high-authority members)

50
Q

When one-way communication procedures are used in a group, comprehension of messages is often so poor that group members turn to the … to clarify what has been communicated.

A

informal communication network

51
Q

is a person who translates and interprets messages, information, and new developments to groupmates.

A

gatekeeper

52
Q

2 types of gate keepers?

A

Information gatekeepers receive messages from superiors and outside sources and read, listen, and reflect on written reports and verbal messages to a greater extent than do other group members. Technological gatekeepers read more in their field and consult more with outside sources than do the other group members.

53
Q

What happens to information when it is passed through several persons with little or no clarification?

A

he more the message is passed from person to person, the more distorted and changed it tends to become.

54
Q

Three psychological processes characterize this simplification of a message

A

leveling, sharpening, assimilation

55
Q

The receiver tends to reduce the amount of information he or she receives by remembering much less of the message than was presented by the sender.

A

leveling

56
Q

The receiver sharpens certain parts of the information so that a few high points are readily remembered even as most of the message is forgotten.

A

sharpening

57
Q

The receiver takes much of the message into his own frame of reference and personality

A

assimilation

58
Q

are gatekeepers effective

A

inefficient and ineffective communication usually results

59
Q

There are a number of influences on the effectiveness of group communication. The most powerful is whether the group climate is primarily … or …

A

cooperative or competitive

60
Q

other than coop or competitive Other influences on communication effectiveness include 4…

A

group norms, physical setting, seating arrangements, and humor.

61
Q

what are Effects of Cooperation and Competition on Communication

A

cooperatively, communication tends to be more frequent, open, complete, accurate, and honest
When group members are competing with one another, communication tends to be either lacking or deliberately misleading

62
Q

An important aspect of competition is ..

A

defensiveness(The more defensive the communication in a group, the more likely it is that members will misperceive the motives, values, and emotions of other members, and the less efficient and effective communication tends to be.)

63
Q

what are the Physical Influences on Communication

A

The group’s environment can be a source of stress: noise and temperate, time of day, duration, lighting

64
Q

how do Seating Arrangementseffect communication

A

significant influences on their perceptions of status, patterns of participation, leadership activities, and affective reactions

65
Q

how does humour effect communication

A

Humor tends to promote cohesiveness and reduce tension in groups
group leaders who used self-disparaging humor were perceived to be more effective at relieving tension, better at encouraging member participation, and more willing to share opinions than leaders who used superior-targeted or subordinate-targeted disparaging humor.

66
Q

humour is most effective when who initiates it

A

higher power members

67
Q

3 benefits of using humouring communication ?

A

three purposes in one work group: (a) Self-ridiculing jokes signaled to coworkers that one was willing to participate in a friendly, informal relationship, (b) teasing eased working relationships when members worked in cramped quarters, and (c) bantering helped lessen the status differentials that existed among the members.

68
Q

review summary

A

…

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