chapter 4-7 Flashcards
Indentured Servants definition
for a set of time, someone would come to a particular farm in a particular colony and the farmer would provide transportation to get there and would give them food and a place to stay. In return the indentured servants would work for free until the contract was over
Indentured servants consequences on colonial economy.
Indentured servants would often start new farms when they were freed which was competition for the farmer they worked for
thick vs thin settlement
In thick settlements (north), people live closer together and were industrial settlements Thin settlements (south) were agriculture based, pop spread out, and moving inland fast (neither system was better but it led to strong division btwn north and south)
Geographic differences btwn N and S and impact on the economy
North: very rocky, hudson is the only good river, bad for agriculture- thick settlement, industrial, good shipping
South: moderate climate and navigable rivers, good for agriculture- thin settlement
Middle Passage (colonies and impact on afr. am.)
In the north, the colonies made lots of $$ from shipping and they grew quickly, in the south, the slaves sent on the middle passage were used as labor on farms in the south. slavery was soon institutionalized
Jonathan Edwards
important minister in the north, puritans thought they needed bring the colonies back to old school puritanism through religious revivals (great awakening) Said that God was mad at the colonists, especially in his famous sermon “Sinners in the hands of an angry God.”
Enlightenment (what it was, major works)
focus on knowledge and science, also many philosophers had new gov ideas, usually involving the people having more of a voice. Important works: John Russeau’s social contract, John Locke’s taxation w representation, Ben Franklin’s albany plan
Enlightenment (impact on Puritanism)
people were less religious and focused more on learning about science, etc. instead of learning religion
John locke (major work, importance to future colonial action)
wrote the second trieste, following russeau, idea of taxation w representation. his ideas influenced future political thinkers (John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, etc.) and influenced the Albany Plan. Later this is part of why the colonies are mad at England for passing laws and taxes w/o asking them.
Puritan work ethic consequences
very productive, TOWNSHIP SYSTEM: Grid based with 36 square mile sections (each section was a township)
When one township was filled, another one would be established next to is to the west
In every 36 square mile township, there would be 36 square blocks (1 square mile each) 2 blocks would be the puritan church, the block adjacent would be the town hall and the school. The other 34 blocks would be for people to live in, each family would get one block. EVERYTHING was based off this system, the gov, school, church, taxes, etc.
Halfway covenant (def, changes to puritanism)
A reform group pushed for automatic accepted into the church bc there would be higher attendance. Old school puritans argued with this because young kids couldn’t make a conscious decision to be a part of the church
Eventually the reformers won but the old school puritans were not allowed to vote in church affairs– this meant that until you were fully a part of the church as an adult, you could not have a say in colonial gov.
Because of this a separation of voting for church and voting for gov. started
Salem Witch trials ( cause for hysteria and legacy on MA)
starting in 1692, 150 people in salem massachusetts are accused of witchery, 20 (mostly female) were executed.
3 girls started acting weird, thought it was because they were posessed, they were actually poisoned by mold in rye bread. Direct correlation btwn whether or not they were puritan or reformers and if they were accused. Puritanism was at a crossroad and this is the conflict that resulted. Soon puritanism dramatically changed, more lenient
colonist/native american differences (reasons for conflict, growing hostilities)
Colonists moved west, leading to many conflicts with the Natives. These conflicts built into the french and indian war. Native Am.’ s sided w the french because they traded and they would rather fight w them than with the british or colonists who treated them badly
french in new world (reason for exploration, differences to british settlements)
fur trapping, in the north around canada. Didn’t want Spain taking over the rest of the new world so they began expanding south and ran into Britain and Spain.
British Ohio Valley expansion prior to 1760 (reasons, impact on Nat. Am and French)
expanded for agricultural reasons, eventually ran into the french and native americans which led to conflicts which eventually resulted in the french and indian war.
