chapter 11-13

Question 1

Jefferson’s “rev of 1800” (political philosophy, was the claim accurate

Answer 1

preached small government, more power for states, democratic republican, basically opposite of hamilton ideas esp economics. The claim wasn’t accurate because he couldn’t keep all his promises and because he made a deal with Hamilton that said that he would pass all of Hamilton’s econ policies if Hamilton gave all the votes to him when Jefferson tied with Burr

Question 2

Jefferson and Federalist economics (backroom deal)

Answer 2

Jefferson and Burr tie, so the election goes to the house of rep. (majority were federalists controlled by hamilton). Hamilton goes to Jefferson saying that he will make him President if Jefferson agrees not to go against Hamilton’s econ policies

Question 3

Marbury v Madison (case details)

Answer 3

After Jefferson is elected, but before he becomes president, Adams pushes through Judiciary Act of 1801, creating many federalist courts where he could appoint new federalist judges who would keep their job for life. (kept a federalist check on Jefferson’s dem-rep ideas). Under this act, the courts were created and new judges were appointed and approved by congress, but only half of them had their paperwork by the time Jefferson took office. Jefferson orders James Madison to “un-deliver” this paperwork. One of the judges who did not get his papers, William Marbury, sued Madison for this and it went to supreme court. (couldn’t sue Jefferson bc Jefferson wasn’t the one who physically took the papers, Madison was)

Question 4

Marbury v Madison (ruling and )`

Answer 4

Marbury wanted “for mandamus writ” (This means he has to perform a certain act by law, in this case deliver the papers). Leading the case was Judge Marshall who was one of the federalists who got his papers. Marshall wants Madison to do this legally but under the Judiciary act of 1784, it says they could not mandate for mandamus writs. When he realizes this he says that it was a mistake in the Judiciary Act and that it’s unconstitutional bc it stops the judical branch from doing its job. As a result Marbury get mandamus writ, and judicial review is established

Question 5

How Marshal convinced everyone Judicial review was legal

Answer 5

Marshall writes that if anyone (Jefferson) tries to go against this ruling then he is being hypocritical because this helps his small gov. Idea even though he doesn’t like this ruling

Question 6

Judicial review (def. and consequences)

Answer 6

The power of the supreme court to determine laws constitutional or unconstitutional.

Question 7

Marbury v Madison immediate impact

Answer 7

JUDICIAL REVIEW, Marbury becomes a justice, Jefferson hates the ruling (marbury gets mandamus writ) , Led to impeachment crisis (judges aren’t cycling through like with the other branches).

Question 8

Samuel Chase Impeachment (impact on judicial independence)

Answer 8

Jefferson wanted to get rid of Federalist judges so he tried to impeach several of them including Samuel Chase (who Jefferson basically tried to impeach only because he didn’t like him). Eventually this failed and it **preserves Judicial Independence- made it more evident that the Judicial branch shouldn’t be able to be influenced by the other branches.

Question 9

Louisiana Purchase (impact. Jefferson’s reservations)

Answer 9

(Biggest peaceful transfer of land) Nearly doubled size of country, doubled nat. debt, led to expeditions like Lewis and Clark, lots of fertile land and raw materials, part of why Jefferson is re-elected. However, Jefferson almost turned it down because it would nearly double nat. Debt, it would have had to be taken care of and managed by the nat. gov, and they would have to raise taxes

Question 10

Economic Embargo of 1807 (Jefferson’s reasoning, consequences)

Answer 10

Jefferson thinks that the best way to protect US ships from Britain was to keep them from leaving so he forbids them from going out more than 20 miles outside of the US.
Consequences- Can’t trade very well and the US econ decreases very quickly; Jefferson also blamed for this

Question 11

Battle of Tippecanoe (impact on white/Nat Am relations)

Answer 11

When Madison was elected, many native Americans led by Tecumseh started the Shawnee federation. Madison tells William Henry Harrison to “take care of it” so he sends an army and he completely destroys them. A lot of Americans were off guard because Native Americans were fighting with rifles and cannons. We assume that the British are arming them against us and this is part of what leads to war w Britain. Gov hadn’t taken violent action on Nat Am’s before this

Question 12

Battle of New Orleans (details)

Answer 12

Treaty of Ghent had already been signed but no one knew yet, Andrew Jackson and his troops hide in the swamps and ambush the other troops and completely destroy the British. Even though we pretty much failed at the rest of the war, it’s considered a win for the US because of this.

Question 13

Battle of New Orleans (Lasting effect on Am people)

Answer 13

Even though we pretty much failed at the rest of the war, it’s considered a win for the US because of this. Mutual respect between British and US.

Question 14

Lewis and Clark

Answer 14

Expedition led to explore West after Louisiana Purchase. Lewis and Clark were sent personally by Jefferson for the next three years to find a (non-existent) water route and instead they find lots of very important useable, fertile, versatile land.

Question 15

Impressment (def. impact on Native Am Foreign policy

Answer 15

Another country harming ships from another country usually in international waters. British and French were mad at US because US was trading with both during the war btwn them, so british begin impressment. Not only destroyed ships but also took the crew, saying that they were still british citizens so it was okay, led to war with Britain and embargo order

Question 16

Treaty Of Ghent

Answer 16

ended war of 1812. Britain’s “A team” was negotiating treaty of Vienna with France so their “B team” negotiated with our “A team” because of this and because the British didn’t know how bad we were doing in the war we got a good deal. British probably could have taken back the US, but instead they agreed on status quo ante bellum (the way it was before the war).

Question 17

Hartford Convention (Political consequences)

Answer 17

The end of Federalist Party. Remaining federalists met and proposed many radical ideas like one term presidencies, no naturalized presidents, and most importantly *Getting rid of 3/5 compromise. Also because of an apparent win in war of 1812 (battle of new orleans), when they said they were against the war, they came out on the wrong side of history and people stopped listening to them. Led to Era of Good Feelings

Question 18

Era of good feelings (def)

Answer 18

After Federalist party fell apart and there was one dominant political party. When there is only one major political party, it appears as though there is no major arguments (there actually were lots of increasing tensions)

Question 19

Missouri Compromise (details)

Answer 19

Because MO terr was settled by Kentuckians (a slave state) MO was a slave state and that made the balance between free and slave states unequal. MO is entered as a slave state but congress rushes to establish Maine (free state). MO compromise made 36-30 line which everything north of the line fee and in everywhere south of the line, slavery was legal.

Question 20

MO Compromise (consequences)

Answer 20

MO was above line- was a slave state originally, but line made it a free state. Also, it would be really easy for slaves to escape.

Question 21

John Marshall (interpretation of Const)

Answer 21

Chief justice in Marbury v Madison, McCullough v Maryland, etc. Used a loose interpretation (liberal interpretation) of the constitution to expand power of Nat gov. and support other federalist ideas. (first to use elasticity clause)

Question 22

McCullough v Maryland (details)

Answer 22

there was a rivalry btwn Bank of US and states- states thought they were getting screwed over by the bank, So Maryland started taxing accounts in the bank of us so people would want to move their accounts. John Marshall thought that the federal gov should be the only one allowed to tax, so Marshall declared the bank a legal institution under the elasticity clause

Question 23

McCullough v Maryland (Legal/political consequences)

Answer 23

first time the elasticity clause had really been used. Strengthened the bank and nat gov, scared the south because they thought the elasticity clause could be used to make slavery illegal

Question 24

Monroe Doctrine (tenants of philosophy)

Answer 24

Adam’s based this on the idea that the US might be able to basically bully other countries into getting all the land they wanted. Monroe Doctrine says 1. US will not interfere with existing euro colonies here 2. US won’t allow future colonization in N or S america, 3. **US reserves the right to interfere anywhere in western hemisphere as they see fit (basically means don’t mess with the US) **Related to City on a Hill idea

Question 25

Monroe Doctrine Practicality in 1820s

Answer 25

We had just “Lost” the war to Britain, was still a new country, in debt to the countries the doctrine was targeting and there was no army to back it up- doctrine was basically ignored by other countries

Question 26

John Q Adams (administrations’ weaknesses)

Answer 26

Everyone thought it was rigged because Jackson got the most votes, but Henry Clay gave Adam’s his votes so Jackson wouldn’t win. Also the tariff of 1828 meant that the south didn’t really like him

Question 27

Jacksonian democracy (differences from Jeffersonian vision)

Answer 27

Jackson had no experience or edu, Jefferson did. Jefferson had a strict interpretation of the constitution, Jackson didn’t. Jackson focused on agriculture instead of industry, Jackson also supported history and spoils system. (Jackson for common people and hated elites- none of his cabinet was qualified either vs Jefferson who was very educated and wealthy)

Question 28

Jacksonian Democracy (details)

Answer 28

Hated the bank of the US and almost everything that favored the wealthy and elites. Didn’t trust gov officials and didn’t like the nat gov having a lot of power.

Question 29

Spoils System

Answer 29

When Jackson replaced a lot of government jobs with his friends- established a precedent of a constant turnover of gov jobs- since these people know that since they will be out of work soon anyway, they don’t take the job as seriously.

Question 30

Tariff of 1828 (details- consequences for states rights movement)

Answer 30

heavily taxed imported raw materials so industries would have to use US raw materials. This eventually led to a trade war with Euro countries- lots of these countries put taxes on US imports. This really hurt southern econ. and a conspiracy came up saying that Adams was planning this so it would hurt the south.

Question 31

Nullification crisis (background, Jackson response)

Answer 31

Jackson reduces tariff of abominations, but South especially, John C Calhoun from S Carolina, wanted to nullify it. Because of this, S Carolina stops paying the tax. Jackson gives them 4 weeks to un-nullify the tax or he would bring in the army and make them pay it (never actually had to bring in the army because they started paying the tax)

Question 32

Indian Removal Act of 1832/ Trail of Tears (Jackson’s relationship, details)

Answer 32

Jackson thought the people needed more land and the native americans were in the way so he thought the easiest way to deal with this was to get rid of them. Most people left peacefully, but the cherokee who thought that because they had assimilated enough wouldn’t have to leave. Jackson didn’t care about this so he moves them anyway and this is the trail of tears.

Question 33

Bank of the US fight (jackson’s argument, econ aftermath)

Answer 33

The charter for the bank needs to be renewed every 20 years. Jackson vetoes the renewal. the pres of the bank, Billde, and Jackson go head to head over this issue. Jackson argues that the bank is a private dangerous monopoly, that it only helps the elites, that it was doing business with foreign countries that could undermine the US, and that it was unconstitutional. Jackson takes all of the gov’s money and distributes it to the states. The states begin handing out big loans that people can’t pay back. These loans are usually for buying land in the west which had increasing prices. Eventually this led to a huge recession.

Question 34

Panic of 1837 (causes)

Answer 34

This is caused by Jackson’s actions with the bank of the US. State banks began handing out huge loans with low interest rates, and people would buy land. The land prices began rising and the interest rates remained low where they would have raised under the federal bank. People can’t pay these loans back and a huge recession starts

Question 35

Whig Party (parts of coalition)

Answer 35

anti jacksons: any federalists that are left, elitists, christian evangelical voters, John C Calhoun states rights people, Henry Clay American System Supporters.