ch 8-10

Question 1

Olive branch petition (purpose response from Britain)

Answer 1

To stop the revolution before it started, petitioned for reconciliation w the King and Britain. never actually was received- no response.

Question 2

Declaration of Independence purpose

Answer 2

to establish independence from Britain, to give the militia and Washington something to fight for,

Question 3

Construction of the Declaration of Independence (3 parts)

Answer 3

1st- what we’re doing and why. lots of enlightenment ideas (unalienable rights, everyone born equal,etc)
2nd- blamed king George for everything as propaganda even if it wasn’t true
3rd- want to cut ties with Britain- also bc of econ. reasons, said that once the war is over they want to remain “friends” with Britain

Question 4

Treaty of Paris (british leniency)

Answer 4

British are scared that if they cut ties with the colonies completely, they will lose all of their raw materials- bad for econ- so they agreed to everything that the colonists wanted

Question 5

Treaty of Paris (terms)

Answer 5

• nearly doubled the amount of land the colonies had
• Britain asked for normalized relations= political and economic cooperation
• any loyalists still living in the US can cash in all of their assets and move back to Britain, or they will not be treated any differently for being revolutionaries

Question 6

Abigail Adams (“remember the ladies”)

Answer 6

1776 wrote a letter to her husband (john adams) reminding him of women’s contributions to the war. Says that if women aren’t remembered in the new gov they are going to start a rebellion as they are not being represented

Question 7

Colonial military advances during the rev war

Answer 7

“heart”- nothing to lose, mercenaries were only being paid to fight
home advantage
didn’t have to win, just had to not lose
fought dirty

Question 8

continental army funds and supplies

Answer 8

Congress could only ask colonies for $ and supplies, but they only wanted their $ to go to soldiers from their own colony (no unity or organization) Asked France and Spain for money as a result

Question 9

Why slavery wasn’t addressed in the Dec of Independence

Answer 9

In part of the Declaration, Jefferson blamed the king for the slave trade bc he wanted to end slavery too, but the south refuses to sign it unless that line is removed bc they depend on slavery.

Question 10

Northwest ordinance of 1787 (what it was)

Answer 10

system to set up new territories and states- when 5000 male landowners were in an area, a territory (ran by nat gov) was created. When a territory reaches a pop of 60,000, they could petition for statehood. To become a state they would have to write their own const. and have it approved by Congress

Question 11

Land ordinance of 1787 (what it was, consequence/purpose)

Answer 11

Said states couldn’t go on forever, a line was drawn where the proclamation of 1763 was, everything west of the line belonged to nat gov, the gov could sell land to pay for war debt, Stopped western states from going on forever and being way bigger than costal states

Question 12

Shay’s rebellion (what it was)

Answer 12

MA’s econ was really bad and as a result passed a tax that taxed the farmers way more than the shippers. These farmers started a rebellion and even occupied the state house and took over the boston harbor. Eventually the rebellion was put down

Question 13

Shay’s rebellion (impact)

Answer 13

Scared the elite and politicians in all 13 states. Because of this they met to reform the articles of Confederation (constitutional convention)- articles were beyond help so they started a whole new plan

Question 14

Three fifths compromise (purpose in constitution)

Answer 14

South was at a disadvantage in terms of representation because of their low pop (thin settlement) and they wanted slaves to count as people so they would have more power in the new gov. so compromise was that slaves were 3/5 of a person (or 60% or slaves were counted) Also banned internat. slave trade for 20 yrs (so they couldn’t bring in a ton of slaves to add to representation)

Question 15

Bill of Rights (general intentions)

Answer 15

antifederalists only agreed to ratify the constitution if it protected natural rights

Question 16

Early national cultural heroes (who, why)

Answer 16

Many political figures like Washington, Lafayette, Ben Franklin, Jefferson, etc were like celebrities back then

Question 17

Alexander Hamilton (background)

Answer 17

born and orphaned in the caribbean, escapes and goes to NY, when the rev war broke out, he rushed to get a job under Washington, father-son relationship develops btwn them, but Hamilton was smart enough that he could easily manipulate Washington, Fought a lot with Jefferson and others because his smartness came across as arrogant

Question 18

Hamilton econ policy during Washington Administration

Answer 18

wanted a strong central gov, bank of the united states, report on manufacture (encouraged gov to take a role in US industry), econ policies benefit the elite- wanted more power in these people bc he didn’t want dumb people to ruin the country

Question 19

Bank of the US (modeled on, purpose, constitutional reasoning)

Answer 19

modeled on the bank of england, public-private partnership (80% investors and elites, 20% gov/public), done because the constitution doesn’t give any way to distribute gov $, number one job was to make $ for investors. hamilton wanted nat gov to do all banking here so it would gain power

Question 20

Neutrality Proclamation of 1763 (purpose)

Answer 20

French were pressuring Washington to pay off the war debt so they could put down the rebellion, but there wasn’t any $ and if there were, the US would look hypocritical to help stop a rebellion based on natural rights, so the neutrality policy was created saying the US wouldn’t take any sides of the issues in france

Question 21

Washington’s farewell address 1796 (warnings to country)

Answer 21

warns against growing factionalism (mostly political parties, but could also apply to north and south, etc.), warned the US to stay out of foreign affairs, (warned against slavery?)

Question 22

US/French relations after french rev (reasonings for souring)

Answer 22

both sides of the french wanted support of americans and when they didn’t engage, french began impressment (raiding US ships in internat. waters) and some people like citizen genet tried to start a rebellion in the US, as a result were the Alien and Sedition acts

Question 23

Sedition act

Answer 23

made it illegal to criticize the gov or any of its officials- could be convicted and tried to pay a fine of convicted and thrown in jail or both. Adams was trying to target magazines and newspapers from both political parties, but it went against freedom of speech esp jeffersonians

Question 24

Alien act

Answer 24

The power to remove any foreigner in the US who is deemed dangerous- mostly the french, Intended to get people to think rationally about the situation in France

Question 25

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

Answer 25

Jefferson convinces Virginia and Kentucky to challenge alien and sedition acts- said they were unconstitutional John adams gets all the blame for this and for the situation with the french

Question 26

Jeffersonian politics (philosophy, differences w hamiltonians)

Answer 26

Jeffersonians wanted less gov control, Jeffersonians wanted to stay out of a war w the french, became Democratic Republicans, Hamiltonians wanted strong central gov, wanted war w french, became federalists

Question 27

establishment of political parties (why did they form, conflicts, fears of party formation)

Answer 27

differences between federalists and antifederalists were the foundations of political parties. big conflicts were btwn ratifying the constitution, getting involved with french issues, more or less gov power. Could cause strong divisions within the country- eventually played a role in the civil war.