Chapter 4 Flashcards
affix
added pieces to a root
affixation
forming words by adding affixes to morphemes
agglutinating language
morphemes are joined together relatively loosely.
allomorph
Different phonetic shapes of the same stem or affix. (example: malign/malignant, damn/damnation, condemn/condemnation)
alternation
internal modification of a morpheme. (ex: man-men, woman-women, break-broke, held-hold)
ambiguity
can be associated with more than one meaning
analytic language
made up of sequences of morphemes. Each word consists of a single morpheme, used by itself with meaning and function intact.
bound morpheme
morphemes that cannot stand alone, affixes are bound
bound root
morpheme that seems to have a basic meaning, but they are unable to stand alone. (Ex-ceive in receive, deceive. boysen or rasp “berries”
closed lexical category
lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods o time. ie pronouns, conjunctions, determiners, prepositions
compounding
Forming a new word from 2 or more independent words.
conjunction
a function word such as and, but, however
content morpheme
carry semantic content, the word is something out in the world.
content word
Free content morphemes: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
function morpheme
contain primarily grammatically relevant information, no semantics
determiner
consists of expressions that are an expression of a noun. (Ex: a, the, this, your)
form
when morphology is used to create new words.
productive
currently used to make new words
reduplication
forming a new word by doubling morphemes or parts of morphemes “bye-bye” “not green enough, I want “green-green”
simultaneous affix
a visual gesture (ASL) of two morphemes at the same time.
fusional language
words are formed by adding bound morphemes to stems. fuses may not be easy to separate from the stem. Example; Spanish ablo, abla, ablamos) “fused together”
hierarchical structure
words that are layered, can be broken down into this tree structure to illustrate the relationship among morphemes
incorporation
combining morphemes into a single word in a polysynthetic language
input
the linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules.
morphology
component of mental grammar that deals with types of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words.
open lexical category
The category new words belong to. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
output
the word formed when an affix attaches to a stem, normally belonging to the same lexical category.
partial reduplication
Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated.
polysynthetic language
a type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships.
preposition
Free function morphemes: adjectives, pronouns, adverbs and conjunctions
pronoun
closed lexical category-we, she, they
reduplicant
The morpheme that is repeated in a reduplication; the first syllable of the stem
suppletion
when a root has one or more inflected forms that are phonetically unrelated to the shape of the root. (ex is/was, go/went)
suffix
an affix added to the end of the root or stem
stem
affixes attach to stems. ex: catty is a stem, but cat is a root
root
the free morpheme in a word that contributes the most semantic content to the word, which affixes can attach
prefix
the affix preceding the root
morpheme
smallest linguistic unit with a meaning.
free morpheme
can be stand alone words
inflection
Creation of different grammatical forms of words
