Chapter 2 Flashcards
Phonetics
The study of minimal units that make up language
Three aspects to study of speech
Articulatory Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
Auditory Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
the study of production of speech sounds, what parts of the mouth are used and in what configuation
Acoustic Phonetics
the study of the transmission and physical properties of speech sounds
Recent Tools used to investigate sound production (articulation)
X-Ray microbeam
electromagnetic articulograph
palatography
ultrasound
Sound spectograph
Used with acoustic phonetics
Auditory Phonetics
Study of how humans process speech (perceive) sounds
Co-articulation
The influence of one sound on a neighboring sound.
Example K sound in Keep and Cool is different
Sample Sounds of I
Sea, see, scene, receive, thief, amoeba, machine
Segments
Discreet units of the speech stream, can be further divided into categories of consonants and vowels.
Transcribed with [ ]
Suprasegmentals
The properties that “ride on top”: stress, tone and intonation
Airflow
Impeded with consonants due to constriction
Freely flows with vowels, due to only slight narrowing
Parts of a syllable
Onset-consonants that occur before the rhyme
Rhyme-vowel and any consonants that come after
Nucleus-vocalic part of rhyme
Coda-final consonants
Cats- K (onset) ae (nucleus) ts (coda)
Monophthongs
Simple vowels-single configuration of vocal tract
Example: knives
Diphthongs
Complex vowels- composed of a sequence of two different configurations
Ex: naive
Segmental Features
Voicing
Place
Manner of Articulation
3 basic components of anatomy for production of speech
Larynx-voicebox, vocal folds open and close
Vocal tract-composed of oral and nasal cavities, above larynx
Subglottal system-part of respiratory system, below larynx
Airstream mechanisms
pulmonic=Lung
egressive= blowing out
ingressive= made with an intake of air
Bilabial (place of articulation)
Consonants made by bringing both lips close together.
Ex: [p] pat, [b] bat, [m] mat, [w] with, [w] where (if h silent)
Labiodental (place of articulation)
Consonants made with lower lip against upper front teeth. Ex: [f] fat, [v] vat
Interdentals (place of articulation)
Tip of tongue protruding through the teeth. “th”;s but different 2 different sounds. Ex: thigh and thy
Alveolar (place of articulation)
Tongue tip at or near the front or upper alveolar ridge.
[t] tab, [d] dab, [s] sip, [z] zip, [n]noose, atom, [l]loose, red
Post-Avleolar (place of articulation)
Front of the tongue, just behind the alveolar ridge, at front of palate.
Ex: leash, church, judge, measure
Palatal (place of articulation)
Body of the tongue near the center of the hard portion of the roof of the mouth (hard palate). [j] yes (only one sound)
Velar (place of articulation)
Back of the tongue raised near the velum (soft palate)
Ex: [k] Kill [g] gill, sing
Glottal (place of articulation)
Air is constricted at the larynx
Ex: Hear, high, history
Fricatives
f, v, the, thin, s, z, jet, hand
Affricates
church, jet, judge
Nasals
n, ing
Stop
pop, stop, prop
