Chapter 4 Flashcards
Who do collective rights belong to?
People who are entrenched in Canada’s constitution. The French, English, and First Nations
What is the purpose of collective rights?
To affirm the collective identity of groups in society where people of different identities belong
What is the difference between collective rights and individual rights?
collective rights are rights given to certain people in society recognized in Canada’s Constitution. Individual rights are rights given to everybody in Canada
Why are collective rights given?
To show that Canada appreciates and values their contributions
What legislations relate to First Nation collective rights?
Indian Act
Historic and Modern Treaties
Canada’s Constitution
What legislations relates to Metis collective rights?
ModernTreaties
Manitoba Act
Canada’s Constitution
What legislations relates to Inuit collective rights?
Modern Treaties
Canada’s Constitution
What are the Numbered Treaties?
The Numbered Treaties are historic agreements that
affect the rights and identity of some First Nations
in Canada.
How do the Numbered Treaties have rights in the royal proclamation?
It was made at the end of seven years of war as Britain sought to establish control over North America. It recognized the First Nations rights to land
What did the Numbered Treaties say?
- First Nations agreed to share their land and resources in peace
- Canada’s government agreed to terms covering First Nations’ education, reserves, annuities and other matters.
What were the numbered treaties to First Nations?
Sacred — nation-to-nation agreements, solemnly made, that cannot be changed
without their agreement
Name some of the rights given in the Numbered Treaties?
Payments, Hunting and Farming Annuities Health Care Education Fishing Rights Reserves Assistance Special Benefits
Why did the First Nations and Canada negotiate the Numbered Treaties?
-Canada wanted to build a railway to open immigration
-First Nations and Canada’s government
wanted to avoid war
-First Nations wanted to
secure their future
Why did Canada want to build a railway?
To link the province of British Columbia to the rest of Canada and open the west to immigration
Why did First Nations want to secure their future?
They were facing economic and social upheaval from smallpox epidemics, the eradication of the buffalo, the end of the fur trade, and the pressures of European
settlement.
What was Canada’s perspective on the Numbered Treaties?
First Nations gave up their land under the Treaties
Why did First Nations disagree with Canada’s perspective on the Numbered Treaties
Many First Nations disagree, especially since their worldviews do not think of land as something anyone can “own” or “give up.”
How did Canada assimilate First Nations children?
By putting them into residential schools
What was the aim of the Indian Association?
- To maintain treaty rights.
- To advance the social and economic welfare of Indian peoples.
- To secure better educational facilities and opportunities.
- To cooperate with federal, provincial and local governments for the benefit of Indians
What did the Indian Act attempt to do?
Confirm the Canadian government’s
duty to protect the collective rights of First Nations.
What did the Indian Act do?
The act affirmed the collective rights of First Nations. It also created officials for each reserve — “Indian Agents” — with the power to decide individually how the government would fulfill its duties
What defines who is Indian or not?
The Indian act
Why did the Canadian government believe it was okay to make decisions for the First nations?
Because of Ethnocentrism. The thought the were superior
What did the Indian Act originally attempt to do?
Assimilate First Nations
