Chapter 4

Question 1

Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under circumstances that differ from their optimal conditions

Answer 1

Tolerance

Question 2

Area where an organism live, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it

Answer 2

Habitat

Question 3

Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organisms uses those conditions

Answer 3

Niche

Question 4

Any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space

Answer 4

Resource

Question 5

Principle that states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

Answer 5

Competitive exclusion principle

Question 6

Interaction in which one organism (the predator) captures and feeds on another organism (the prey)

Answer 6

Predation

Question 7

Interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on producers (such as plants)

Answer 7

Herbivory

Question 8

Single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on the structure of a community

Answer 8

Keystone species

Question 9

Relationship in which two species live close together

Answer 9

Symbiosis

Question 10

Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship

Answer 10

Mutualism

Question 11

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it.

Answer 11

Parasitism

Question 12

Series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance

Answer 12

Ecological succession

Question 13

Succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present

Answer 13

Primary succession

Question 14

First species to populate an area during succession

Answer 14

Pioneer species

Question 15

Type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances

Answer 15

Secondary succession

Question 16

Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees

Answer 16

Canopy

Question 17

Layer in a rain forest found underneath the canopy formed by shorter trees and vibes

Answer 17

Understory

Question 18

Terms used to refer to a type of tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year

Answer 18

Deciduous

Question 19

Term used to refer to trees that produce seed-bearing ones and have thin leaves shaped like needles

Answer 19

Coniferous

Question 20

Materiel formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter

Answer 20

Humus

Question 21

Biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest

Answer 21

Taiga

Question 22

Layer of permanently frozen subsoil found in the tundra

Answer 22

Permafrost