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Biology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific study of heredity

A

Genetics

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2
Q

The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

A

Fertilization

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3
Q

A specific characteristic of an individual

A

Trait

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4
Q

A factor that is passed from parent to offspring

A

Gene

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5
Q

States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

A

Principle of dominance

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6
Q

The separation of alleles

A

Segregation

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7
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

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8
Q

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

A

Probability

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9
Q

Having two identical alleles for a particular game

A

Homozygous

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10
Q

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

A

Heterozygous

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11
Q

The physical characteristics of an organism

A

Phenotype

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12
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

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13
Q

One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

A

Independent assortment

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14
Q

A situation in which the phenotype a produced by both alleles are completely expressed

A

Codominance

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15
Q

A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

A

Incomplete dominance

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16
Q

A gene that has more than two alleles

A

Multiple alleles

17
Q

A trait controlled by two or more genes

A

Polygenic traits

18
Q

The terms used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

A

Homologous

19
Q

The term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

A

Diploid

20
Q

The term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes

A

Haploid

21
Q

The process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

A

Crossing-over

22
Q

A fertilized egg

A

Zygote

Biology (10 decks)

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