Ch. 2 Flashcards
The basic unit of matter
Atom
The center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structures that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.
Nucleus
Negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus.
Electron
Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
Element
One of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Isotope
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
Compound
Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer.
Monomer
Molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules.
Polymer
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body.
Carbohydrate
Simple sugar molecule
Monosaccharide
Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.
Lipid
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Nucleic acid
Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Protein
Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
Amino acid
