Chapter 4

Question 1

Neutron

Answer 1

A subatomic particle in an atom that doesn’t have an electric charge at all.

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

A subatomic particles of an atom that has a negative charge.

Question 3

Orbital

Answer 3

Regions of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found.

Question 4

Valence electrons

Answer 4

An electron in the outermost shell of an atom and this is what determines the atom’s chemical properties and its ability to form bonds.

Question 5

Periodic law

Answer 5

Elements are listed in a certain order in the periodic table because the periodic law explains that when elements are arranged this way, similarities in their properties will occur in a regular pattern.

Question 6

Period

Answer 6

Horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Question 7

Group

Answer 7

Vertical column in the periodic table.

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

Atom or group of atoms that have lost or gained electrons and have a negative or positive charge.

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 10

Mass number

Answer 10

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 11

Isotope

Answer 11

Atom with the same amount of protons as other atoms of the same element, but the atom has a different amount of neutrons.

Question 12

Atomic mass unit (amu)

Answer 12

Unit of mass that describes an atom’s mass.

Question 13

Average atomic mass

Answer 13

Average of masses of naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Question 14

Metal

Answer 14

Element that can conduct heat and electricity well and the metal is shiny.

Question 15

Nonmetal

Answer 15

Element that can’t conduct heat and electricity well.

Question 16

Semiconductor

Answer 16

Element or compound that can conduct electric current better than an insulator, but not as well as a conductor.

Question 17

Alkali metal

Answer 17

Elements of group 1 of the periodic table that is soft and shiny and reacts violently with water.

Question 18

Alkaline-earth metal

Answer 18

Elements of group 2 of the periodic table and the metals form compounds that are found in limestone and in the human body.

Question 19

Transition metal

Answer 19

Elements of group 3-12 of the periodic table. Examples include gold, silver, and platinum.

Question 20

Halogen

Answer 20

Elements of group 17 on the periodic table. Chlorine is a halogen that protect you from harmful bacteria.

Question 21

Noble gas

Answer 21

Noble gases are elements that exist as single atoms instead of molecules. They are found in group 18 of the periodic table.

Question 22

Mole

Answer 22

Unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in 12g of Carbon-12. It is a collection of a very large number of particles which is about 6.022x10^23/mol

Question 23

Avogadro ‘s constant

Answer 23

It is the number 6.022x10^23/mol that is exactly 1 mol of a pure substance.

Question 24

Molar mass

Answer 24

The mass of 1 mol of a substance in grams . An example is 1 mol of carbon -12 atoms has a molar mass of 12.00 grams.