Chapter 3 Flashcards
Solid
A state of matter that’s structure is rigid, and the particles have almost no freedom to change position, but the particles can vibrate
Liquid
A state of matter that has a definite volume, but can change shape.
Gas
Gas is a state of matter in which gas particles are in a constant state of motion and rarely stick together.
Plasma
A state of matter that does not have a definite shape and in which the particles have broken apart. It is similar to gas, but has some different properties from gas.
Energy
The ability to change or move matter.
Thermal energy
The total kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object. If the particles have more kinetic energy than it has more thermal energy.
Evaporation
A substance changing from a liquid to a gas from the liquids boiling point.
Sublimation
The process where a solid skips changing into a liquid and changing into a gas.
Condensation
The change of a state from gas to a liquid.
Crystalline solid
Crystalline solids are solids that have an orderly arrangement of atoms and examples are diamonds and ice.
Amorphous solid
It is a solid that are made of atoms that have no particular order and examples are rubber and wax.
Surface tension
It is a force that acts on the particles on the surface of a liquid and this causes liquids, like water, to form spherical drops.
Kinetic energy
The energy of motion
Heat
A transfer of energy
Endothermic change
An endothermic change is a solid changing its matter into a liquid by melting.
Exothermic change
An exothermic change is energy that is freed from a substance when it changes state.
Fluid
A state of matter besides a solid where the atoms can be free to move past each other. Fluids are either gas or liquids.
Buoyant force
The force pushing on an object floating or in a fluid.
Pressure
The amount of force pushing on an object or area.
Archimedes’ principle
The buoyant force pushing on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid the object moves.
Pascal
Unit used to measure pressure.
Pascal’s principle
It states a fluid in equilibrium in a vessel forces a equal pressure in all directions.
Viscosity
It is used to describe the resistance to flow of a gas or liquid
Boyle’s law
It explains that when a fixed amount of gas is at a constant temperature and it’s volume increases then its pressure will decrease. If the pressure of the gas increases then the volume will decrease.
Charles’s law
It explains that when a fixed amount of gas is at a constant pressure the volume also increases as the temperature increases . Also the volume decreases as the temperature decreases.
Gay-Lussac’s law
The law explains that the pressure of gas at a constant volume is equal to the temperature.
