Chapter 4 Flashcards
Affix
Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem
Affixation
process of forming words by adding affixes and morphemes
Agglutinating Language
a type of synthetic language in which the relationship between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes. In agglutinating language, morphemes are joined together loosely so that it is easy to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are
Allomorph
one of a set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar
Alternation
in phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related. In morphology, the morphological process that uses morpheme- internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions
Ambiguity
the phenomenon by which single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.
Analytic language
type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. Grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order.
Bound Morpheme
Morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word iself
Bound root
morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right.
Closed Lexical Catergory
lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time.
Compounding
word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more independent words
conjuction
lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.
Content Morpheme
morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function)
Content word
a word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs.All free morphemes are content words.
Derivation
in phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as a phonological rules act upon it.
Determiner
the name of a lexical category, and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right, result in an expression of category noun phrase.
Form
the structure or shape of any particular linguistic item,form individual segments to strings of words
Free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone as a word
Function Morpheme
a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase.
function word
a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase
Fusional Language
a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem
hierarchcal structure
the dominance relationship between morphemes in a word,or among constituents in a phrase
homophony
the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form
incorporation
morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language
infix
a type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem
inflection
a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender etc.
input
the linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules
lexical category
class of words that are grouped together based on morphological properties. Traditionally known as parts of speech
lexicon
a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties
morpheme
smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning of grammatical function
morphology
the study of how words are constructed out of morphemes
open lexical category
lexical category in which new members are often introduced
output
the linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or set of rules
partial reduplication
morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated
poly synthetic language
a type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships
prefix
prefix that attaches to the beginning of a stem
preposition
the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consist of expressions such as of, in, for, with etc.
productive
describes a rule that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms
pronoun
the name of a lexical category that consists of words such as I, she, us, etc. Syntactically, pronouns belong to the category noun phrase
reduplicant
the morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication
reduplication
process of forming new words by doubting either an entire word or part of a word
root
the free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach
simultaneous affix
affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a words stem; exists only in visual gestural language
stem
the base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added. The stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes
suffix
affix that attaches to the end of a stem
suppletion
a morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from one another
