Chapter 2

Question 1

Palatography

Answer 1

To observe contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth, and instruments to measure airflow and air pressure during speech

Question 2

Monophthongs

Answer 2

First type of vowel; Monophthongs are simple vowels, composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract

Question 3

Diphthongs

Answer 3

Second type of vowel; Diphthongs are complex vowels,composed of a sequence of two different configurations

Question 4

Segmental Features

Answer 4

The voicing, place, and manner of articulation

Question 5

Larynx

Answer 5

Sometimes called the voice box; the Larynx contains the vocal folds and the glottis

Question 6

Manner of Articulation

Answer 6

How the air-stream is modified by the vocal tract to produce sound

Question 7

Stops

Answer 7

The complete obstruction of air-stream in the oral cavity

Question 8

Dynamic Palatography

Answer 8

The observation of interplay between articulations,that is, how one consonant’s place of articulation affects another consonant’s place of articulation

Question 9

Articulatory Gesture

Answer 9

The motion of positioning of some part of the vocal tract ( often, but not always, a muscular part like the tongue and/or lips) with respect to some other part of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound.

Question 10

Syllable

Answer 10

The way that we distinguish vowels and consonants and the role that each one plays in a syllable.

Question 11

Segments

Answer 11

The discrete units of the speech stream and can be further subdivided into the categories consonants and vowels.

Question 12

Suprasegmentals

Answer 12

Apply to entire strings of consonants and vowels–these are properties such as stress, tone, and intonation. These properties are somewhat more difficult to represent using an alphabetic-like transcription system, and there are many different ways they can be transcribed.

Question 13

Onset

Answer 13

Any consonant that occurs before the rhyme within the syllable

Question 14

Rhyme

Answer 14

It consists of the vowel and any consonants that come after it–the segments that match in words that we think of as rhyming

Question 15

Continuous Speech

Answer 15

Language on a day-to-day basis, however, we speak in phrases and sentences, with all the words run together.

Question 16

Pulmonic Egressive Airstream Mechanism

Answer 16

English speech sounds are formed when exhaling, forcing a stream of air out of the lungs through the oral or nasal cavities, or both. This air-stream provides the energy for sound production–either by making the vocal cords vibrate or by making hissing or popping noises as air escapes through the narrow openings of the mouth

Question 17

Velar

Answer 17

Consonants are produced at the soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate.

Question 18

Interdentals

Answer 18

made with the tip of the tongue protruding between the front teeth

Question 19

Bilabial

Answer 19

Consonants that are made by bringing both lips closer together.

Question 20

Affricates

Answer 20

made by briefly stopping the air-stream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced