Chapter 4 & 5 Review Notes Flashcards by hailey cleary

How did the colonist respond to the stamp act

“The S.O.L” and boycotting

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What did the stamp act tax

Every legal document

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Who were the “sons of liberty”

Colonists who were anti-king, very violent

Ex. Samuel Adams

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What were the townshed acts

They were indirect taxes, taxing glass, lead, paint, paper and tea

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Boston Massacre 1770

Wasn’t really a massacre

Colonists threw rocks at people with guns

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Boston tea party

British were forcing them to buy tea from a certain place, colonists didn’t like it
Wanted them to pay for the tea they destroyed
As a result the 1774 intolerable acts shut down the Boston harbor, quartering act- housed soldiers, martial law-rule imposed by military forces

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Who wrote the proclamation of 1763

British gov

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What was the purpose of the proclamation of 1763

Establish a line which the colonist couldn’t settle on land west of Appalachian mountain

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Why did the colonist resent the proclamation of 1763

Took their freedom away

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Did the proclamation of 1763 lower or raise taxes

Lower

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Why did the proclamation of 1763 anger colonists

They didn’t want taxes at all

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Where were the first shots fired of the American revolution

Lexington, Massachusetts

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Who won the battle of lexington and concord

Colonists (1st battle)

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Battle of bunker hill
When
Who won
Who was in charge

June 17, 1775
Deadliest battle of the war 
Thomas Gage was in charge
3rd British assault succeeded because militiamen ran low on amo
British won

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What is the olive branch petition

July 8, 1775
OB symbolizes peace
Sent to king George but was rejected
Colonists last peace offering

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“Common sense”

Tried to win people over by Thomas Paine

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What are patriots

Supporters of independence

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What are loyalists

Opposed independence and remained loyal to crown

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Where did Washington train his troops in the winter

Valleyforge, PA

Battle of Trenton
Where
What
How

New Jersey
Day after Xmas
Crosses the Delaware river comes in day after as when murcernaries are still drunk and hungover, surprise attack (washington)

Turning point of the war colonist gain the upper hand

Saratoga, New York

Site of final surrender

York town

Strengths of British

#1 army
#1 navy
Resources to fight 
People
Money
Mercenaries

Strengths of colonist

Know land 
Motivation
Help from French 
G.W.
Defensive war

First president

George Washington

First constitution

Didn't have a good leader Named articles of confederation Not very good

Weaknesses of articles of confederation

Regardless of population, each state only had one vote in congress There was13 separate states that lacked national unity Articles could only be amended if all states approved There was no executive branch to enforce the laws of congress

Land of ordinance 1785

Establish a plan for surveying land | made land Pericles small and affordable

Northwest ordinance of 1787

Divided land into territories Set requirements for admission of a new state -congress appointed a territorial governor and judge -when 5,000 voting citizens meant a temporary constitution and elect their own government -when 60,000 was reached it meant a writeN Constitution and must be approved by congress before statehood

Who is Daniel shay

Veteran of revolutionary war at battle of bunker hill and Saratoga Carried heavy debt faced debtors prison

Why did they revolt (shays rebellion)

They wanted courts to be closed so they wouldn't loose their farms Too much taxation

Result (shay rebellion)

Forced people to pay attention | It was time to talk about a stronger national government

Who didn't show up at the 1787 delegates meeting to change the articles of confederation and why

Rhode Island | Didn't want it changed so they didn't come

"Great compromise" (person) VA plan NJ plan

Roger Sherman VA rep based on population NJ each state equal

Congress | How many in senate and in house of rep

Senate (2) | House of rep (population)

How did they count slaves for taxes and representation

Three fifths compromise | 3/5 of a states slaves is counted as population

How many branches of government and what are they

Three Executive- president (1) Legislative- congress (435) Judicial- Supreme Court (9)

Do all of the branches of gov have equal power? Why or why not

Yes | Checks and balances

Federalists

Favored the new constitutions balance of power between the states and the national government

Antifederalists

Opposed having such a strong central government and thus were against the constitution

Why were people scared of the constitution

It didn't guarantee rights (bill of rights did which was added later)

How many times has the bill of rights been changed over the last 200 something years

27 times

How many people have to approve for something in the bill of rights/constitution to be changed

2/3

When does the constitution get approved

1789

How many years later was the bill of rights created

2 years