Chapter 12- Reconstruction Flashcards
3 major issues of reconstruction
1- how to rebuild the souths economy
2- what rights African Americans have now that they’re free
3- how the southern states rejoin the union
Reconstruction time period
1865-1877
Radical republicans
Advocated full citizenship
Right to vote for blacks
Favored punishment and harsh treatment of south
Supported Sherman’s plan to confiscate Confederates land and give farms to freedom
Wade-Davis Bill
1864
Majority of states voters loyal to union
Demanded guarantees of African Americans equality
Lincoln killed this by “pocket veto” not signing within the ten day deadline
Lincoln’s plan called for ____% to pledge loyalty to the union
10
John’s plan called for ____%
10
Black codes
Laws that sought to limit the rights of AA and keep them as landless workers
Required to work in a limited number of occupations (servants and farm labors)
Vagrancy laws
Some states prohibited AA from owning land, all set up vagrancy laws
Any AA without a job could be arrested and sent to work as prison labor
Impeach
To charge someone in office with wrong doing
Why was Johnson impeached
For trying to fire the secretary of war Edwin Stanton
Was Johnson removed from office
Stays in office by one vote
Shouldn’t have been impeached congress just didn’t like him
What other president was impeached
Bill Clinton
Purgery - lying under oath about affair
Scalawags
White men who had been locked out of pre civil war politics by their wealthier neighbors (new Republican Party invited them in)
Very negative seen as traders
Civil rights act of 1866
Attempting to get some equality and rights for blacks
Hiram Revels
First AA to serve in the senate
From Mississippi
Carpetbaggers
Newcomers, northern white or black men who relocated to the south, allies with scalawags, seeking to improve their economic/political situations or to help make a better life for freedom
Some good some bad people
Could take advantage with need for supplies, sell land for less than it was worth to make money
Freedmen’s Bureau
Good thing
Provide aid to emancipated salves as they made the transition to freedom
Food, housing, health care, jobs, legalize marriages, schools, colleges
Sharecropper
Provided a place to life, provided seeds and tools in return for a “share” of the harvested crop
Land owner bought these supplies on credit, at very high interest from a supplier, then the landlord passed on these costs to the sharecropper
Sharecropper was always in debt to the landowner and the landowner was always in debt to the supplier
Tenant Farmers
Tenants paid cash rent to a landowner and then was free to choose and manage his own crop-and free to choose where he would live.
Only viable for a farmer who had good money management skills
40 acres and a mule
Gives newly freed family’s
Redeemers
White politicians who were trying to “redeem” the south in the eyes of congress
Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes doesn’t win the popular vote
Gets all his votes from the north
They agree to let Hayes win which is known as the Compromise of 1877 as long as he ends reconstruction
Compromise of 1877
Agreed to let Hayes win as long as he ended reconstruction
Jim Crow laws
Any law that separates whites from blacks
Kept blacks and whites segregated
