Chapter 13

Question 0

Time zones

Answer 0

1880s
24 time zones
Because of trains and railroad lines

Question 1

Bessemer process

Answer 1

Makes steel affordable

Needed for railroads, bridges, skyscrapers

Question 2

Laissez-Faire

Answer 2

Allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation

Question 3

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 3

Steel

Rags to riches

Question 4

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 4

Oil

Question 5

Horizontal integration

Answer 5

Lower prices to buy competitors out of business then buy them out then raise the prices
Rockefeller first to use this
Ohio state law- prevents one company from owning another, Rockefeller couldn’t buy out competitors

Question 6

Vertical integration

Answer 6

Increased power by gaining control of many different businesses, companies reduce cost and charge higher prices to competitors
No middle man

Question 7

“Natural selection”

Answer 7

Only the fittest survived to reproduce

Question 8

“Robber barons”

Answer 8

Shared capitalist

Rich wealthy men that cheat Americans out of things, workers live bellow poverty level

Question 9

Why was Bill Gates in court?

Answer 9

Monopoly

Question 10

Social Darwinism

Answer 10

Declared wealth was a measure of ones inherent value and those who had it were the most “fit”
Used to justify beliefs and conditions

Question 11

Trust=

Answer 11

Monopoly

Question 12

ICC

Answer 12

Interstate commerce commission

Oversee railroad operations

Question 13

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 13

Outlawed any trust operated “in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states”

Question 14

Sweatshops

Answer 14

Small, hot, dirty, dark workshops

Question 15

Main workshops

Answer 15

Little kids and women
Paid nest to nothing
Small hands help getting into machines

Question 16

Company towns

Answer 16

Owned by business rented by workers
Had grocery stores
Paid in credit and had to buy from them

Question 17

Collective bargaining

Answer 17

Negotiating as a group for higher wages or better working conditions
One form is strike

Question 18

Knights of Labor

Answer 18

Uriah Smith Stephens founded it
Broad social reform
Included all workers

Question 19

American Federation of Labor

Answer 19

Samuel Gompers
Focused specifically on wages, hours and conditions
Opposed women joining
Expensive to join so during strike could pay people
Wasn’t as successful because of money entry

Question 20

Pullman workers strike

Answer 20

Shut down railroads
Protesting cuts and layoffs
Troops were called in to end it

Question 21

Homestead strike

Answer 21

Strike about steel industry

Tools called in to end it

Question 22

What side does the federal government take…. The workers or the business?

Answer 22

Business