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US History > 2nd Bench Mark Test Review > Flashcards

2nd Bench Mark Test Review Flashcards

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0
Q

National road

A

Maryland to Ohio river

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1
Q

Transportation

A

Railroads
Turnpikes (toll road)
Canals

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2
Q

Erie Canal

A

Made New York City the greatest commercial center= city grew quickly
Hudson River to pacific
big risk
took awhile

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3
Q

Samuel Slater
What did he do
What was used
What employment system

A

Built the nations first water powered textile mill in 1793 at Pawtucket Rhode Island
used Blackstone River as a power which produced one part of the textile: cotton thread
factories used the family system (parents and children employed together)

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4
Q 
Francis Cabot Lowell
What was he apart of 
What did he do
What did it make
Who did he employ
A

Boston Associates
1813 first mill at Waltham, Mass
formed cloth- first mill in the US
employed young single women known as the “Lowell girls”

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5
Q

Tariff of 1816

A

Tariff on imports designed to protect American industry, increased the price of imported manufactured goods by an average of 20-25%. The now inflated price encouraged Americans to buy in the US tariff helped industry but hurt farmers
south never likes them north always does

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6
Q

Labor unions

A

Group of workers who unite to seek better pay and conditions

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7
Q

Labor force in the Middle East

A

Teenage girls and immigrants

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8
Q

Cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

Not industrially important

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9
Q

Mass production and interchangeable parts

A

Eli Whitney

Industry

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10
Q

What happened to slaves after the cotton gin

A

Slavery became more profitable because of cotton gin, Whitney’s idea backfired didn’t help the slaves

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11
Q

What is the southern economy based off of and why?

A

Farming and slaves

Weather, culture, cheaper living costs, season

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12
Q

What is the northern economy based off of and why?

A

Factories, industrial, textile

Culture, beliefs, soil wasn’t good, access to capital, cheap labor, better transportation

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13
Q

“American System” by Henry Clay

A

1- ROADS wanted federal gov to build new roads and canals to link the Atlantic states with Midwest
2- BANK reestablishment of national bank
3- TARIFF thought the tariff and “internal improvements” would work together to tie different regions into a whole, purpose was to tie the three regions of the US together economically (northwest benefits most)

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14
Q

McCullough vs Maryland 1819

A

State of Maryland taxing national bank

supreme court will rule that national government is superior over state

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15
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

What did it do?

A

Ended Spanish claims to the vast Pacific Coast territory of Oregon, after this treaty Americans began to settle in Florida and pursue the fur trade in Oregon

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16
Q

Monroe Doctrine

What did it state?

A

James Monroe
Reflects the nations growing desire for power, responded to threats by European powers including France, to help Spain recover Latin America colonies that declared their independence
north and South America is off limits to the rest of the world

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17
Q

Missouri Compromise of 1820
Who wrote it?
What is the compromise issue?

A

Henry Clay
Dispute over state admissions, drew a line across the continent from southwestern corner of Missouri to the nations west boundary
they want same number of free and slave states
1- Maine comes in as a free state
2- Missouri comes in as a slave state
3- 36* 30* line above 36=free bellow 30=slave

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18
Q

Denmark Vessey

A

Free black tried to organize a slave revolt, arrested, convicted and put to death
Lives in South Carolina aka Charleston

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19
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

7th President
Born in South Carolina
Lived in Tennessee

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20
Q

Election of 1824
Who looses
What’s unusual

A

Jackson looses
Because of a crowed race their was no clear winner, won more popular votes than Adams but neither won a majority of electoral votes

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21
Q

Who won the election of 1828 and 1832?

A

Andrew Jackson

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22
Q

Indian removal act 1830

A

Peacefully negotiate exchange of American Indian lands in south for new lands in the Indian territory

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23
Q

Trail of tears

A

Mainly CHEROKEES
US soldiers forced 16,000 Cherokees to walk from their lands from Southeast to Oklahoma, at least 4,000 died of disease, exposure and hunger

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24
Q

Jackson and Banks

A

Jackson supported the south industrialization
vetoed the renewal of the bank (1832)
defended common people
denounced the bank as unauthorized by constitution and dangerous to the liberties of people

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25
Q

What was the tariff of Abominations (tariff of 1828) why did it anger the southerners? What was their response? What was Calhoun’s role in this?

A

Tariff was designed to promote American industry
This angered southerners because there were more farmers than industry (slaves wanted to nullify this)
Calhoun violently opposed this tariff

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26
Q

Who were the “Whigs”? Which won the election of 1840?

A

Were nationalist who wanted a strong federal government to manage the economy
William Henry Harrison later became president

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27
Q

What caused the Panic of 1837?

A

Jackson decided to stop accepting paper money for land

businesses then dropped and investors lost money

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28
Q

Horace Mann “the father of public edu”

A

Passed laws for public edu

Collected tax for public edu

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29
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Let’s people know that the mentally ill is being mistreated in prisons
Laws are passed to create mental hospitals

30
Q

Temperance Movement

A

Said alcohol should be slowed down

Causes social problems

31
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Escaped slave
Educated enough to write a autobiography
A main player in the abolition movement

32
Q

Denmark Vessey

A

Led the largest slave revolt in SC (Charleston)

33
Q

Nat Turner

A

Led the largest slave revolt in US history

34
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

Founded “the Liberator”

an aberration newspaper

35
Q

John C Calhoun

A

Not an abolitionist
Believed slavery was a positive good
Compared slaves to factory workers (slaves had to be better)
Result was “Gay Rule”

36
Q

“Gay Rule”

A

Could not talk about slaves in congress

Result of John C Calhoun

37
Q

Sojourner Truth

Women’s rights movement

A

A former slave abolitionist who “spellbond” people with powerful speeches

38
Q

L. Mott

Women’s rights movement

A

Helped form the American Anti-Slavery society and the Fernal anti-slavery society

39
Q

E. Candy

Women’s rights movement

A

Married to a big abolitionist and interested in women’s rights
Henry station

40
Q

Seneca falls convention

Women’s rights movement

A

The first womens rights convention

delegates adopted “decoration of Jentiments” which added a few improvements to women’s rights

41
Q

Manifest destiny

A

Belief that God wanted the US to own all of NA

42
Q

Sante fe trail

A

Americans wanted to trade with Mexico

Traded manufactured goods for fur, animals, and silver

43
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Founded by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman

Mainly used by formers and their families

44
Q

Stephen Austin

A

Led 300 families to Mexico (Texas)

45
Q

Mexico need to inhabit Texas so no one will take it. They invite Americans to move here. What do they get and what’s the catch.

A

Get: 4000 acres, no taxes for 10 years, move to Texas

Catch: had to become citizens of Mexico, had to worship as Roman Catholics, had to accept Mexican Constitutior, bad to speak spanish (no slavery)

46
Q

Santa Anna

A

Mexican General and political leader
Tries to control Texans who want independence
Leeds 5,000 troops to the Alamo

47
Q

The Alamo

A

Santa Anna surrounded the fort where 300 texans are
Causes a bigger revolt
“Remember the Almo”

48
Q

Sam Houston

A

Led an army of texans to the “Battle of San Jacunto”-a river
Killed 630 Mexican troops and captured 730 troops with only 32 lost
Winning this battle, Texas became independent and a decade long border war persisted between Texas and Mexico

49
Q

“The Lone Star Republic”

A

Texas after independence

1st president is Sam Houston

50
Q

James K. Polk

A

President who annexes Texas

Wanted to expand the country

51
Q

Annexation of Texas (Dec 1845)

A

North didn’t want it but south did

Polk got half of Oregon to please the north (49*)

52
Q

The Gadsden Purchase

A

Last purchase to settle all of the continual US

Bought to build a railroad across the continent

53
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Forced Mexico to give up the northern 1/3 of the country
Kept New Mexico
Made the Rio Grande river the border for Texas

54
Q

Mexican American war 1846-1848

A

Polk sent troops to Texas which caused Mexico to send troops to
These troops fought and made Polk declare war
America won when Winfield Scott captured Mexico City
California declares independence during this war

55
Q

The Gadsden Purchase

A

The lost purchase to settle all of the continental US

bought to build a railroad across the continent

56
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

A bill that wanted to ban slavery in all land gained from Mexico
All northerners agreed with this and all the southerners didn’t
Tried for 10 years in a row to pass this
The house of reps would pass it but the senate would not

57
Q

California Gold Rush

A

80,000 people move to California in search for Gold
40 rivers
Many from South America
In Oct 1849 California wrote a state constitution
This was in the middle of the 36-30 line

58
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Escaped slave
Made 19 trips to the south to free slaves
Underground Railroad
Helped about 300 slaves

59
Q

What types of schools were in the north and the south

A

Public schools in north
Private tutors in south for wealthy
Horris man

60
Q

What did the south want to nullify

A

Tariff

61
Q

What don’t you have to do to vote

A

Own property

62
Q

Texas and Mexico

A

Texas independent of 9 years
Mexico doesn’t recognize
Can’t be decided if slave or nonslave state

63
Q

Immigrants move where

A

North

64
Q

Where was cheap land found

A

West

65
Q

What was the problem when we gained or lost land

A

Whether slavery would expand or not

66
Q

What did the great awakening do and what was it

A

Religious revival

Starts reforming

67
Q

Who had slaves in the south

A

Only wealthy

68
Q

Were abolitionist a majority or minority

A

Minority

69
Q

What goes hand in hand

A

Women’s reforms and antislavery

70
Q

Anti-Slavery

A

Garrison
Douglas
Bistro

71
Q

Seneca falls

A

Independence for women

72
Q

Why did we want Louisiana purchase

A

We need Mississippi River

73
Q

What time period

A

1803-1850

US History (12 decks)

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