Chapter 4 Flashcards
describe the destruction of Druysk
began with Nazi invasion of USSR on June 22 1941 it was a village on the path of Germany
describe Operation Barbossa
Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22 1941 in the largest Germany military operation of WW2
core policy of Nazi movement since 1920’s
1-destruction of Soviet Union by military force
2-permanent elimination of perceived communist threat to Germany
3- seizure of prime land within Soviet borders for German settlement
Adolph Hitler’s view on non aggression pact
temporary tactical maneuver
date of german-soviet non aggression pact
august 23 1939
what happened in July 1940
weeks after German conquest of France and the low countries, Hitler decided to attack the Soviet Union within a year
What is directive 21
signed dec 18 1940, codenamed operation barbossa, it was the first operational order for the invasion of the Soviet Union
From the beginning of operational planning, German military and police authorities intended to
wage a war of annilahation against the Communist state as well as the Jews off the Soviet Union who they characterized on a racial basis as forming the Soviet State
During The winter and Spring of 1941 offices of the Army high Command and the Reich Security Main Office negotiated
arrangements of deployments of special units of the Security Police and the Security Service behind front line to annihaliate jews, communists and others dangerous to establishment of long term German rule over Soviet territory
How many German forces invaded Soviet Union
134 at full fighting strength, 73 more for deployment behind the front. They invaded less than 2 years after they signed the pact
Three army group consisting of three million German soldiers were supported by 650,000 troops from which two of Germany’s allies
Finland and ROmania
and later augmented by forces from Italy Croatia Slovakia and Hungary all to attack the Societ union around the Black Sea in the south and the Baltic Sea in the North
Soviet Leadership had refused to heed warnings from Western powers about
the German troop buildup on its western border;
Germany and its axis partners this achieved
almost complete tactical surprise
most of the Soviet airforce was
destroyed on the ground; the Soviet armies were initially overwhelmed; german units encircled millions of soviet soldiers cut them off from supplies and reinforcements and made them surrender
As the German army advanced into Soviet territory who followed them
SS and police units
The einsatzgruppen
tasked with eliminating anyone who might organize and implement resistance to the German forces; concentrate on groups who will be hostile to German rule
what did the einsatzgruppen establish
intelligence networks; secured key documents ; secured key facilities
einsatzgruppen are aka
mobile killing units who initiated mass murder operation particularly at Jewish males; officials of the Soviet party and Roma gypsies they also established ghettos and other holding facilities for containing Jews
In late July of 1941 with the arrival of Himmler’s representatives, the higher SS began to
physically annihilate entire Jewish communities in the Soviet Union
Success on the military front and the annihilation of Soviet Jews had Hitler decide to (Oct 15 1941)
deport German Jews to the Soviet Union to eliminate and Jews in Europe. This was known as the “Final Solution” policy.
Druysk was physically annihilated. The area around it was captured by the Germans in June of 1941
German law was established. Anti-Jewish edicts were announced.:
1) yellow star
2) exclusion from employment
3) forced labor
Where did Frumka Malta go?
Back to her husband, with her daughters …to Vilna
In the winter of 1942 where did the Germans send the jews of Druysk
to city of Vidzy 40 kilometers away; overcrowded into synagogue; houses in ghetto, so were Jews from other small towns - population included workers as well as old and frail
the first Atkion occurred early in 1942
3000 were killed. Local Lithuanians helped because they were promised their independence after the war
The local Judenrat (Jewish council) did what
organized work especially cut peat from near the bogs; also jews cut down trees to send back to Germany; women sewed uniforms for Germans, cooked and washed clothes for Lithuanians
describe the ghetto
terrible! little food, always hungry, no wood for heat, always cold. Would sometimes get food from Judenrat; couldn’t leave ghetto except to go to assigned work; no social life ; same clothes, no place to bathe
who did sara work for?
a priest who would give her food even though he didn’t have to
some people escaped to where
the partisans in the forest but people with children could not go there; the partisans didn’t want children whose cries would endanger them
how long were they in Vidzy ghetto
three months then there was a rumor that they were getting moved to another ghetto; sara had a bad feeling
when they (sara, yosel, chaim) were transferred to the other small ghetto called Swieciany what happened
outbreak of typhoid. they were there for another 3 months
In March 1942, SS Sturmbannfurrer Horst Wulff decided to clear
all the ghettos because of partisans nearby; those in useful professions would be moved to Vilna others would go to Kovno
what did sara do then
begged for her family to escape
Salak Dressler of the Vilna police arrived to run the transfer to Vilna panic ensued becuase
everyone wanted to prove useful
sara had a premonition that
the Nazis would kill them; she escaped and encouraged her family to come hide.
where did sara and her husband stay
with a Christian family; they let her crochet while he worked. Then he heard that people were looking for him so he decided to go.
what happened to sara’s husband and the rest of her family
they were taken to polnar on freight wagons and killed
where did sara hide
in the closet for 3 days; then she and her son went into the forest. (AROUND APRIL 1942)
