Chapter 3

Question 1

what year did sara go back to Druysk

Answer 1

1924

Question 2

what did sara do to earn money when she got back to druysk

Answer 2

buying from the Christians and reselling in her small town or the other way around

Question 3

was there any play

Answer 3

mostly work but there were dances on Saturday night after the SAbbath ended one person played the fiddle

Question 4

how old was sara when she married

Answer 4

in 1928, when she was 18 she married yosel berkman whom she had known for a long time

Question 5

what was yosel’s occupation

Answer 5

he was a shoemaker; he made new soles, but his bsiness was not good because the town was so small

Question 6

what bad habit did yosel have

Answer 6

he liked to smoke but could not afford tobacco so he crushed leaves from the woods and mixed them with tobacco

Question 7

yosel’s mother name was

Answer 7

shana and she lived with yosel and sara; sara liked her; shana;s husband died young

Question 8

how many years were yosel and sara married before children

Answer 8

five years. in 1933 they had a son delivered by a midwife but he died shortly after birth; their next son Chaim Hirsch was born in 1941 after they were married 13 years

Question 9

What year did Hitler come to power

Answer 9

1933; there were rumors about what he was doing to Jews but many did not believe

Question 10

What was the name of Hitler’s program

Answer 10

Kristallnacht - The November Program of 1938

Question 11

In 1939 when the Germans attacked Poland

Answer 11

The Soviets soldiers came to Druysk; at that time the Soviets and Germans were allies because of the Nazi Soviet Pact

Question 12

When was the Nazi Soviet Pact

Answer 12

August 1939 - it was a nonaggression pact and an agreement to partition poland

Question 13

why did sara not flee east when the soviets came

Answer 13

because one brother and her husband were taken into the army

Question 14

after her husband was taken into thee army who came back

Answer 14

her sister Frumka Malka walked with her two daughters to Druysk from Vilna because she did not like the communist regime

Question 15

what was it like under the soviets?

Answer 15

they restricted public religious life, nationalized businesses and organized workers into cooperatives
; some people were even exiled to Siberia BUT the soviets did not persecute the Jews; from 1939 to 1941 the Jews lived peacefully

Question 16

June 22 1941

Answer 16

6 months after son Chaim Hirsch was born the Germans broke the non aggression pact first attacking Soviet occupied Poland this was known as Operation Barbarossa.

Question 17

What happened in Druysk after Germans broke pact

Answer 17

the Soviets left ahead of Field Marshal Ernst Busch’s 16th Army’s advance into the Vilna area of Poland

Question 18

Describe Vilna before and after WWII

Answer 18

before was part of NE Poland, then in 1939 under pact was occupied by Soviets until it was transferred to Lithuania. The population was about 200000 with 55000 Jews included an additional 12000 Jewish refugees entered

Soviet forces occupied Lithuania in 1940 and incorporated Vilna into the Soviet UNion

In June 22 1941 Germany attacked Soviets in Eastern Europe. Germany occupied Vilna … by the end of 1941 40000 Jews in Ponary/Vilna were killed. Not the only place also in Kovno.

Question 19

Einsatgruppe

Answer 19

German mobile killing units

Question 20

Jews from France Germany and Austria were brought into Kovno during the occupation and executed in the

Answer 20

Ninth fort

Question 21

In 1944 the Societs moved into the ghetto which was now known as the

Answer 21

fort of death

Question 22

the skilled worker prisoners were dispersed and sent to

Answer 22

Estonia to Camp Klooga opened in 1943, some were evacuated as the Soviets approached remaining were shot by the Nazis their bodies were piled, doused with kerosene and lit on fire. 85 of 2400 were still alive when Soviets arrived

Question 23

from 1941 to 1944 the German occupation of Lithuania resulted in

Answer 23

death of 2.2 million people, destruction of 209 cities/towns, 9200 villages

Question 24

in three years the germans had murdered what percent of Lithuanian Jews

Answer 24

93% - one of the highest rates in Europe - only a few thousand Lithuanian Jews survived til when Germany was surrendered to the Allies. 195000/208000 killed