Chapter 4 Flashcards
where are purkinje fibers found in the heart?
subendocardial ct layer
layers of the heart wall
endocardium, myocardium , pericardium
perkinje fibers store this molecule
glycogen
in myocardial structure the interclated discs are made of a transverse portion called this____ and are made by these two proteins
rise of stairs, macula adherens, fascia adherens
the longitudinal portion of chairs is called this and composed of these proteins
step of stairs, large gap junctions
specialized cardiac muscle that are involved in hormone secretion
myoendocrine cells
what is the cardiac skeleton composed of?
dense irregular ct
what is the function of the septum memrbanceum of the cardiac skeleton?
provides an origin and insertion for cardiac myocites
chest pain brought on by exertion stemming from slow progressive narrowing of the coronary vessels therefore less oxygen
angina
abnormal heart rythms caued by damage or death occurring ot purkinje fibers and other conducting tissues
dysrhythmia
infection in the pericardial cavity therefore inflammation of the serous pericardium (visceral and parietal)
pericarditis
tunica intima is a continuation of this in the heart
endocardium
tunica media is a continuation of this in the heart
myocardium
tunica adventitia is a continuation of htis in the heart
epicardium
outer portion of tunica media contains these
vasa vasorum
what major luminal wall layer is thickest/most dominant within the elastic arteries?
tunica media
what is the tunica media primarily made of in elastic arteries?
fenestrated elastic laminae
what is the tunica intima made of in elastic arteries?
attenuated endothelium
what is the tunica adventitia made of in elastic arteries?
loose fibroelastic ct
which major luminal wall layer is thickest/dominant withing muscular arteries?
tunica media
what is the tunica media of muscular arteries primarily composed of?
smooth muscle
what is the general tissue type that makes up the tunica adventitia of arteries?
CT
which type of artery has the most developed internal elastic lamina
muscular artery
which is the thinnest of the major luminal wall layers in arteries?
Tunica intima
hardening of primarily large arteries. Tunica intima becomes infiltrated with soft lipids causing lumen diameter to decreae
arteriosclerosis (atherosclerosis)
short terminal arteriole branches that lack a true tunica intima
metarterioles
these function to control lumen size and therefore the amount of blood into the capillaries
AVA (arteriovenous anastomsis)
cell junctions fumctions in capillaries
move marcromolecules and allows cell movement
most common capillary type
continuous capillaries
function of pericytes in continuous capillaries
healing and blood flow regulation
which structure lacks a true tunica media
metarterioles
associated with channels called thoroughfares
metarterioles
structure with thicker tunica media and tunica adventitia
AVA
structure found in all cappillary beds
metarterioles
structure that redirects away from capillary beds
AVA
structure that enhances exchange between blood and tissues
sinusoids
which cell type with reparitive potential is found exterior to capillaries and venules
perioctyes
how do veins vary from arteries
not as uniform, often larger, and higher number
functions of valves in veins
prevent backflow and work with skeletal muscle to keep blood moving
postcapillary venule layers
only has a tunica intima
collecting venule layers
tunica intima and tunica adventitia, no tunica media
muscular venule layers
All three are present
size of vein where all three levels are present, valves are common, and the tunica adventita is usually the thickest/most dominant
medium
enlarged and winding superficial veins in the legs stemming from loss of skeletal muscle tone, degradation of vessel wall, and valve incompetence
vericose veins
varicose veins in lower esaphagus, common in alcoholics, caused by portal hypertension
esophageal varices
varicose veins at the end of the anal canal
hemorrhoids
do lymphatic capillaries have pericytes?
no
do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells join together using tight junctions
no
do medium and large lymphatic vessels have 3 major luminal wall layers
yes
