Chapter 3 Flashcards
surface protection involving epithelium and cells and acute inflammation are examples of ____ immunity
innate
humoral immunity is also considered this
B cell immunity
Humoral immunity is usually a response to invading ______
bacteria
humoral immunity is mediated by these cells
B cells, plasma, and T cells
cell mediated immunity is also considered this
T cell immunity
Cell mediated immunity is usually a response to these
viruses, fungi, or foreign cells
cell mediated immunity is mediated by this
T lymphocytes (does not depend on B lymphocyte participation)
functions of the immune system
storage of lymphocytes, increase numbers of lymphocytes, provide a favorable environment for establishing immunity
diffuse lymphatics characteristics
no or incomplete capsule and humoral immunity
lymphatic organ characteristics
has a capsule, humoral and cell-mediated immunities
organ that provides an environment where lymphocytes become immunocompetent
primary lymphoid (thymus & bone marrow)
organ that provides an environment where lymphatics can contact foreign antigens and interact with each other
secondary lymphoid (spleen & lymph nodes)
diffuse lymphatics located in the GI, respiratory, and urogenital tracts
Mucosal-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)
MALTs secrete which antibodies
IgA
IgA’s main functions
neutralize viruses and bacterial toxins, decrease microbial adhesion to host cells
diffuse lymphatic located only in GI tract
Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (GALT)
examples of GALT
Peyer’s patches, individual lymph nodules
diffuse lymphatic located within the respiratory system, commonly form where air tubes bifurcate
Bronchial-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (BALT)
when the pharyngeal tonsils are inflamed they are called this
adenoids
when pharyngeal tonsils are inflammed they can block these tubes leading to this
auditory, ear infections
epithelial folds are also called
pleated tonsils
palatine tonsils are also called this
faucial tonsils
palatine tonsils epithelium is composed of this
stratified squamos
palatine tonsils mark the boundary of these structures
oral cavity and oropharynx
advantages of tonsilar crypts
more area for lymph nodule formation, more surface area for detecting foreign antigen
disadvantages of tonsilar cyrpts
deep depressions allow bacteria to collect leading to inflammation and tonsilitis
lingual tonsils location
posterior 1/3 of tongue (stratified squamos surface epithelium)
tonsilar ring around the openings to the digestive and respiratory systems
waldeyer’s ring
two major functions of lymph nodes
filtration of lymph using phagocytosis, establish humoral and cell mediated immunities
hilum is where lymph exits or enters?
exits
first sinus to receive afferent lymph
marginal (subscapular)
cortical sinus passes through this region
cortex
deep cortical sinuses pass through this region
deep cortex/paracortex region
medullary sinus passes through this region
medullary
cells within all regions and sinuses are supported by a system of these fibers
reticular (produced by reticular cells)
primary cell type in the cortex of a lymph node
B lymphocyte
activity in the cortex region of lymph nodes
phagocytosis and humoral
lymphoid nodule without germinal centers
primary
primary cell type of lymphoid nodules paracortex
T lymphocyte
high endothelial venules are lined with these types of cells
cuboid
HEV’s are an important crossover point between these two fluids
blood and lymph
disease that causes paracortex to thin
HIV
function of HEV
promote passage of B & T cells into lymph node from blood
primary cell type of the lymphoid node medulla
plasma cells
involution of thymus in order
septa, cortex, medulla
function of thymus
establishment of immunocompetent T lymphocytes
what does establishment of T lymphocytes mean
can distinguish self from non-self antigens, can develop self-tolerance
T lymphoblast in the thymus
thymocyte
structural characteristics of thymus
capsule composed of dense irregular ct, lobules with a peripheral cortex and a central medulla
thymic supportive tissue
capsule, septa, adipose, microstroma (TECs)
TECs offer support using these
cytoplasmic processes
TECs form these
thymic corpuscles (hassalls body) TEC type 6.
function of thymic corpuscles (hassalls bodies)
function secrete cytokines to influence local dendritic cells and development of some T cells
functions of the blood-thymic barrier formed by Type 1 TECs
prevent T cells from physically contacting foreign antigens
cell types in cortex of thymus
T lymphocytes, macrophages, TEC I II III
cell types in medulla of thymus
same as cortex but fewer and includes dendritic cells and TEC IV V VI
convex surface and concave area of spleen called this
hilum
white pulp of spleen is responsible for this
humoral immunity (B cell)
Long term storage site for T cells in spleen
Periarteriolar Lymphoid sheaths PALS (white pulp)
functions of red pulp
rapid blood filtration, allows contact with blood-born foreign antibodies
unusual elongated endothelial cells located in the red pulp of the spleen
stave cells
effects of splenectomy
increased platelets/irregular RBC, increased risk of septicemia, liver takes over functions
disease caused by epstein-barr virus
infections mononucleosis
