Chapter 4 Flashcards
Define stranger wariness
Fear of unfamiliar people, especially when they move too close, too quickly.
What is separation anxiety?
Separation anxiety- clinging and crying when a familiar caregiver is about to leave
Define self-awareness
A person’s realization that he or she is distinct individual who’s body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people.
Define temperament
Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation. It is measured by the person’s typical responses to the environment.
What effects temperament?
Genes, experience
What are the different types of temperament
Easy
Difficult
Slow to warm up
Hard to classify
What are the dimensions of temperament?
Effortful control (able to regulate attention and emotions, self soothe)
Negative mood (fearful, angry, unhappy)
Surgency (active, social, not shy, exuberant)
Define attachment
According to Ainsworth, “an affectional tie” that an infant forms with a caregiver- a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time.
What are the types of attachment?
Secure attachment
Insecure-avoidant attachment
Insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment
Disorganized attachment
Define secure attachment
A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver
Define insecure-avoidant attachment
A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or return.
Define insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment
A pattern of attachment in which an infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infants become very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion.
Define disorganized attachment
A type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregivers departure and return.
What’s Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
First year of life = oral stage, mouth is the young infants primary source of gratification
Second year of life = anal stage, infants main pleasure comes from the anus, bowel movements/controlling them
Can become fixated on a stage if they receive too much or too little gratification
What Erikson’s psychosocial development?
Trust vs mistrust- 1st crisis. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs are met. (Food, comfort, etc)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt- 2nd crisis. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.
Define allocare
Literally, “other-care”; the care of children by people other than the biological parents.
Define family day care
Child care that includes several children of various ages and usually occurs in the home of a woman who is paid to provide it.
Define center day care
Child care that occurs in a place especially designed for the purpose, where several paid adults care for many children. Usually, the children are grouped by age, the day-care center is licensed, and providers are trained and certified in child development
Bandura thinks behavior is learned from?
states behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
