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Ap Psych > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

The fertilized egg, enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

A

Zygote

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1
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan.

A

Developmental psychology

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2
Q

The developing human organism from about 2-8 weeks after fertilization through the second month

A

Embryo

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3
Q

9 weeks- birth the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

A

Fetus

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4
Q

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during development and cause harm.

A

Teratogens

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5
Q

Born with many reflexes to help them survive

A

Reflexes

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6
Q

The baby’s tendency when touched on the cheek to turn toward the touch, open the mouth and search for the nipple

A

Rooting reflex

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7
Q

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.

A

Habituation

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8
Q

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

A

Maturation

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9
Q

Revolutionized our understanding of children’s minds. Best know for studying the Cognitive abilities change over the lifespan.

A

Jean Piaget

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10
Q

Birth 2 years in which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

A

Sensorimotor period

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11
Q

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

A

Schemas

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12
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

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13
Q

Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information.

A

Accommodation

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14
Q

The awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived.

A

Object permanence

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15
Q

In piagets theory the pre-operational Childs difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

Egocentrism

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16
Q

In piagets theory the belief that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

A

Conservation

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17
Q

Ages 2 to 7. Language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logic

A

Preoperational stage

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18
Q

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states- about their feelings, perceptions,

A

Theory of mind

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19
Q

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social, interaction, and understanding of other states of mind,

A

Autism

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20
Q

Age 6 to 7 to 11 where children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

A

Concrete operational stage

21
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Normally begins around age 12. The stage of cognitive development during which people,begin to think logically about abstract thinking

22
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by aBout 8 months of age

23
Q

Study of infant monkeys and looking at attachment

A

Harry Harlow

24
Q

Focused on attachment, she worked with humans, mothers and infants

A

Mary ainsworth

25
Q

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.

A

Critical period

26
Q

The process by which certain animals form attachments during critical period very early in life.

A

Imprinting

27
Q

Body structures that enable reproduction

A

Primary sex traits

28
Q

Secondary sex traits

A

Non reproductive sexual characteristics

29
Q

Described the development of moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong.

A

Lawrence kohlberg

30
Q

Children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.

A

Preconventional morality

31
Q

By this stage of character development, children uphold laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules.

A

Conventional morality

32
Q

By young adulthood, (around15-16) people begin to affirm their own agreed upon rights or follows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles

A

Post conventional morality

33
Q

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

34
Q

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognition

35
Q

An emotional tie with another person

A

Attachment

36
Q

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

A

Basic trust

37
Q

A sense of ones identity and personal worth.

A

Self concept

38
Q

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

A

Adolescence

39
Q

The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

A

Puberty

40
Q

The first menstrual period.

A

Menarche

41
Q

Theorist that contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution.

A

Erik Erikson

42
Q

Ones self of self

A

Identity

43
Q

Eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships, a primary development task in late adolescence and early adulthood

A

Intimacy

44
Q

The time of natural cessation of mensturation

A

Menopause

45
Q

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally physical functioning.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

46
Q

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

A

Cross sectional study

47
Q

Research in which the same people are re studied and retested over a long period.

A

Longitudinal study

48
Q

Ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

A

Crystallized intelligence

49
Q

Ones ability to reason speedily and abstractly

A

Fluid intelligence

50
Q

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

A

Social clock

Ap Psych (7 decks)

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