Chapter 4

Question 0

The fertilized egg, enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Answer 0

Zygote

Question 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan.

Answer 1

Developmental psychology

Question 2

The developing human organism from about 2-8 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Answer 2

Embryo

Question 3

9 weeks- birth the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

Answer 3

Fetus

Question 4

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during development and cause harm.

Answer 4

Teratogens

Question 5

Born with many reflexes to help them survive

Answer 5

Reflexes

Question 6

The baby’s tendency when touched on the cheek to turn toward the touch, open the mouth and search for the nipple

Answer 6

Rooting reflex

Question 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.

Answer 7

Habituation

Question 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Answer 8

Maturation

Question 9

Revolutionized our understanding of children’s minds. Best know for studying the Cognitive abilities change over the lifespan.

Answer 9

Jean Piaget

Question 10

Birth 2 years in which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Answer 10

Sensorimotor period

Question 11

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Answer 11

Schemas

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

Question 13

Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information.

Answer 13

Accommodation

Question 14

The awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived.

Answer 14

Object permanence

Question 15

In piagets theory the pre-operational Childs difficulty taking another’s point of view

Answer 15

Egocentrism

Question 16

In piagets theory the belief that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

Answer 16

Conservation

Question 17

Ages 2 to 7. Language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logic

Answer 17

Preoperational stage

Question 18

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states- about their feelings, perceptions,

Answer 18

Theory of mind

Question 19

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social, interaction, and understanding of other states of mind,

Answer 19

Autism

Question 20

Age 6 to 7 to 11 where children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Answer 20

Concrete operational stage

Question 21

Formal operational stage

Answer 21

Normally begins around age 12. The stage of cognitive development during which people,begin to think logically about abstract thinking

Question 22

Stranger anxiety

Answer 22

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by aBout 8 months of age

Question 23

Study of infant monkeys and looking at attachment

Answer 23

Harry Harlow

Question 24

Focused on attachment, she worked with humans, mothers and infants

Answer 24

Mary ainsworth

Question 25

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.

Answer 25

Critical period

Question 26

The process by which certain animals form attachments during critical period very early in life.

Answer 26

Imprinting

Question 27

Body structures that enable reproduction

Answer 27

Primary sex traits

Question 28

Secondary sex traits

Answer 28

Non reproductive sexual characteristics

Question 29

Described the development of moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong.

Answer 29

Lawrence kohlberg

Question 30

Children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.

Answer 30

Preconventional morality

Question 31

By this stage of character development, children uphold laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules.

Answer 31

Conventional morality

Question 32

By young adulthood, (around15-16) people begin to affirm their own agreed upon rights or follows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles

Answer 32

Post conventional morality

Question 33

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.

Answer 33

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 34

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 34

Cognition

Question 35

An emotional tie with another person

Answer 35

Attachment

Question 36

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

Answer 36

Basic trust

Question 37

A sense of ones identity and personal worth.

Answer 37

Self concept

Question 38

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Answer 38

Adolescence

Question 39

The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Answer 39

Puberty

Question 40

The first menstrual period.

Answer 40

Menarche

Question 41

Theorist that contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution.

Answer 41

Erik Erikson

Question 42

Ones self of self

Answer 42

Identity

Question 43

Eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships, a primary development task in late adolescence and early adulthood

Answer 43

Intimacy

Question 44

The time of natural cessation of mensturation

Answer 44

Menopause

Question 45

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally physical functioning.

Answer 45

Alzheimer's disease

Question 46

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

Answer 46

Cross sectional study

Question 47

Research in which the same people are re studied and retested over a long period.

Answer 47

Longitudinal study

Question 48

Ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

Answer 48

Crystallized intelligence

Question 49

Ones ability to reason speedily and abstractly

Answer 49

Fluid intelligence

Question 50

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Answer 50

Social clock