Chapter 17 Flashcards
: prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system.
Biomedical Therapy
: an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
Psychotherapy
: an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
Eclectic Approcach
: Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
Psychoanalysis
: developed psychoanalysis, which was the first of the psychological therapies. Freud assumed that many psychological problems are fueled by childhood’s residue of repressed impulses and conflicts.
Sigmund Freud
: in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
Free association
: in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
Resistance
: in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
Interpretation
: in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).
Transference
: a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy)
Client centered therapy
: believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies. Unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth, each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth and fulfillment. Rogers believed that a growth-promoting climate required three conditions—genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
Carl Rogers
: empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.
Active listening
: therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Behavior therapy
: a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.
Counter conditioning
: behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
Exposure therapies
: a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Systematic Desensitization
: an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
: a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
Aversive Conditioning
: an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
Token economy
: therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
Cognitive therapy
: a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Cognitive-behavior Therapy
: therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.
Family therapy
: the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.
Regression Toward the Mean
: a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
Meta-Analysis
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
Psychopharmacology
: involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors.
Tardive Dyskinesia
: a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
: the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
: surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
Psychosurgery
