Chapter 16

Question 0

the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

Answer 0

Medical Model

Question 1

4 D’s

Answer 1

Deviant, distressful, dysfunctional, dangerous

Question 2

Deviant distressful and dysfunctional behavior patterns.

Answer 2

Psychological disorder

Question 3

Person is continuously tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. Free floating

Answer 3

GAD generalized anxiety disorder

Question 4

: the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated “text revision” (DSM-IV-TR).

Answer 4

DSM-IV

Question 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 5

Anxiety disorders

Question 6

: an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Answer 6

Panic disorder

Question 7

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

Answer 7

Phobia

Question 8

A fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes

Answer 8

Agoraphobia

Question 9

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Answer 9

Obsessive- compulsive disorder

Question 10

: an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 10

Post traumatic stress disorder

Question 11

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 11

Dissociative disorders

Question 12

: a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 12

Dissociative identity disorder

Question 13

: psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 13

Mood disorders

Question 14

Intense fear of being scrutinized by others.

Answer 14

Social phobias

Question 15

: a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Answer 15

Major depressive disorder

Question 16

: a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Answer 16

Mania

Question 17

: a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depression disorder.)

Answer 17

Bipolar disorder

Question 18

: a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Answer 18

Schizophrenia

Question 19

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Answer 19

Delusions

Question 20

: psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 20

Personality disorders

Question 21

: a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 21

Antisocial personality disorder