Chapter 4-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Macrosociology

A

analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another; usually used by functionalists and conflict theorists.

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2
Q

Microsociology

A

analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; typically used by symbolic interactionists,

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3
Q

Social Interaction

A

what people do when they are in one another’s presence includes communication at a distance.

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4
Q

Social Structure

A

the framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior.

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5
Q

Social class

A

large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige.

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6
Q

Status

A

the position that someone occupies in a social group (also called social status)

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7
Q

Status Set

A

all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies

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8
Q

Ascribed Status

A

a position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life.

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9
Q

Achieved Statuses

A

positions that are earned, accomplished, or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual’s part

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10
Q

Status Symbol

A

indicators of a status, especially items in that display prestige.

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11
Q

Master Status

A

a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies.

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12
Q

Status inconsistency

A

ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others also called status discrepancy.

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13
Q

Role

A

behaviors, obligation, and privileges attached to a status.

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14
Q

Group

A

people who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group

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15
Q

Social institution

A

the organized, usual, or standard was by which society meets its basic needs.

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16
Q

Social integration

A

the degree to which members of a group or a society are united by shared values and other social bonds also known as social cohesion

17
Q

Mechanical Solidarity

A

Durkheim’s term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks

18
Q

Division of later

A

the splitting of a group’s or a society’s task into specialities.

19
Q

Organic solidarity

A

Durkheim’s term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs.

20
Q

Gemeinschaft

A

a type of society in which life is intimate a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness

21
Q

Gesellschaft

A

a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest

22
Q

Stereotype

A

assumptions of what people are like, whether true or false

23
Q

Body Language

A

the ways in which people use their bodies to give messages to others

24
Q

Dramaturgy

A

an approach, pioneered by Ervin Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis

25
Impression Management
people’s efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them
26
Front stage
place where people give performances
27
Backstage
places where people rest from their performances, discuss their presentations, and plan future performances
28
Role performance
the ways in which someone performs a role; showing a particular “style” or “personality”
29
Role Conflict
conflicts that someone feels between roles because the expectations are at odds with one another
30
Role Strain
conflicts that someone feels within a role
31
Sign-vehicle
the term used by Goffman to refer to how people use social setting, appearance, and manner to communicate information about the self.
32
Teamwork
the collaboration of two or more people to manage impressions jointly
33
Face-saving behavior
techniques used to salvage a performance (intersection) that is going sour
34
Ethnomethodology
the study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life
35
Background assumption
a deeply embedded, common understanding of how the world operates, and of how people ought to act
36
Thomas Theorem
William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas’ classic formulation on the definition of the situation. “If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”
37
Social construction of reality
the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real